稿本(電腦打印本) / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Gao ben (dian nao da yin ben) / Includes bibliographical references. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.8 / Chapter 第三章 --- 硏究方法 --- p.56 / Chapter 第四章 --- 姑婆（191´4ؤ ) / 貫徹「做到老、學到老」的信念 --- p.78 / Chapter 第五章 --- 鍾婆婆（192´1ؤ ) / 英雄無用武之地的遺憾 --- p.106 / Chapter 第六章 --- 梁婆婆（192´2ؤ ) / 在兩次婚姻失敗中求存 --- p.135 / Chapter 第七章 --- 李伯母（192´1ؤ ) / 一生篤信基督信仰 --- p.163 / Chapter 第八章 --- 討論 --- p.207 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 區婆婆（1906 226}0ؤ ) / 一位富家小姐的生活 --- p.226 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 蔡婆婆（190´2ؤ ) / 一位「妹仔」的生活 --- p.245 / 註釋 / 書目

The major purpose of the study was to determine whether there are observable differences in the interactions of day care supervisors with three and four year old children whom they perceive as behaviourally different and with children who are not perceived in this manner. It was hypothesized that a day care supervisor's interaction with three and four year old children perceived as behaviourally different would be unlike that supervisor's interaction with children who are not perceived in this manner. The interactions of six day care supervisors with 48 three and four year old children were recorded on video tape in a natural day care setting. A questionnaire completed by the supervisors, was used to identify children they perceived to be behaviourally different and behaviourally adapted. As a result, eight children from each center were selected; two girls and two boys identified as behaviourally different, and two girls and two boys identified as behaviourally adapted. Video-taped observations were subsequently coded using the Brophy and Good Teacher-Child Dyadic Interaction System (1969). After minor modification of the codes, 61 codes were employed to describe the interaction of the day care supervisor with each child. Thirty-three variables were selected by combining codes; the variables were grouped into nine clusters for analysis. The nine clusters are: Total support, child created support, teacher created support, total non-support, child created non-support, teacher created non-support, child created praise, teacher created praise, and response opportunities. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the hypothesis. The results revealed that some interactions had not been observed. Some clusters of interactions were not differentiated between behaviourally different and behaviourally adapted children by the day care supervisor, and some clusters of interactions were significantly differentiated between behaviourally different and behaviourally adapted children by the day care supervisor. The sex of the child did not affect the day care supervisor's interaction with the child in any way. The findings indicate that day care supervisors do respond differently to young children whom they perceive to be behaviourally different and to those they perceive to be behaviourally adapted. Behaviourally different children receive less total support, and less nurture; they receive more total non-support and criticism than behaviourally adapted children. In general it is concluded that if day care supervisors are given knowledge about the nature of their interactions with children they will be able to enhance the quality of care they provide each child and to provide optimal opportunities for acceptable behavioural responses by virtue of their own supportive interaction with children. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

The purpose of the study was to describe and understand how twelve participants in distance education reflected upon their learning of computer technology that was intended to enrich classroom teaching. The way in which the participants implemented the technology in their classrooms was also examined. The computer technology (QuizEditor JS, WebQuest Generator) was delivered to the participants via two different media: online and two-way audio video conferencing.Evidence was gathered from the participants' naturalistic settings such as the schools where they taught. Interviews, observations, and questionnaires were used to gather evidence. Interview transcripts and written classroom observations became the primary sources of evidence for analysis.Four categories of distance learners emerged from the study: the illiterates, the mentees, the context-bound, and the mentors. The illiterates were participants who viewed themselves as illiterates. They put little effort in understanding the many possibilities that computer technology could offer to them. The mentees were participants who frequently requested help from their mentors before mastering the software and integrating it into their instruction. The context-bound were participants who were salient in their internal or external context. The uniqueness of and the emphasis on the context in which participants operated characterized the context-bound. The mentors were participants who effectively applied the software into their professional activities, and were willing to assist others.The researcher used three perspectives to explore differences among categories of participants in their learning of computer technology: as continuum, as a web, and holistically. Using a distance education design model that emerged, the researcher recommended five steps for a successful distance education course offering. An implication for practice was an implementation of the five steps design of distance education.A suggestion for further research included a systematic development of categories of distance learners and their test of validity. Further examination of the culture surrounding the implementation of distance education could challenge educators to reexamine the assumptions surrounding technology and adult education not only with respect to the individual and his or her circumstances, but also with respect to race, gender, national origin, and ethnicity to broaden the scope of adult education. / Department of Educational Leadership

Through the lenses of critical pedagogy, cognitive psychology, marketing, curriculum development, traditional and informal education, and Black education, how one centre constructed and implemented critical edutainment is reviewed and scrutinized. The ethnographic study took place in a hyperreal (Baudrillard) setting using a bricolage of research methods: Seidman's 3-part interview protocol with workers and administrators; McMillan's focus group interview process with 9-12 year olds; participant-observation; field and reflective notes; and artefacts from external sources such as television broadcasts, newspapers, and official documents to gather and analyse data. In spite of its noble intentions, Gramsci's hegemony was witnessed and maintained through the centre's structure and organisation hence causing stress on the workers. Although the children and adults approved of the teaching and disciplinary acts, close regulation of their actions was done. Critical edutainment employs Vygotsky's zone of proximal development as it acknowledges the indigenous knowledges of adults and children and asks them to co-construct a curriculum that is cognitively, affectively, and socially relevant. It shows how curriculum construction, teamwork, accountability, and lessons learned from Black educators can be used to make a viable critical edutainment site that incites learning and fun.

This case study examines adult participation in learning. Ethnographic methods were employed to document classroom processes and participant perceptions in an adult basic education class. Classroom observations showed that learner participation was for the most part initiated by the teacher rather than by the students. Analysis of the data indicated a close link between the defined teacher and learner roles and the participants' shared perceptions of the teacher as the expert. Analysis also showed that teacher-student interaction was influenced by the teacher's past teaching experience and by her perceptions of the students and their needs. The results of this study demonstrate a need for teacher preparation designed both to increase awareness of appropriate adult education methods, and to provide experience in active learner participation. The study also highlights the importance of dialogue between teachers and learners as a means of involving learners in the learning process.

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