Most institutions of higher education utilize First Year Experience (FYE) coursework to facilitate college adjustment and student retention. FYE courses are designed to support the college transition by introducing freshman to campus resources that can help them achieve their educational and career goals; however, there is much variation in instructional design across college campuses depending on students' needs and institutional goals. This dissertation examined the differences in student outcomes based on enrollment in either academic content-specific or broad introductory FYE coursework. The first study used a qualitative method to examine resilient Honors students' perceptions of how their introductory FYE course impacted their college transition at the end of their first semester. The second study utilized several quantitative models to longitudinally assess the difference between FYE course enrollment and students' cumulative GPAs, retention, and perceptions during their junior year of college. Thematic analysis of questionnaire responses revealed that the resilient Honors students believed their broad introductory FYE course supported their social and academic transition to college by relieving stress that is commonly associated with the beginning of higher education. The quantitative study found that students who were enrolled in academic content-specific FYE courses had higher grades, retention, and scored higher on college success strategies and first-year satisfaction factor scores, compared to students who were enrolled in the broad introductory FYE courses. These findings were discussed in relation to the current literature on college adjustment, followed by a discussion of the implications for academic units, limitations of the study, and future directions for research in this area.

Fifty-one children between the ages of 6 and 12, receiving school counseling through a school-based mental health clinic, were administered a questionnaire designed to assess their beliefs about confidentiality in the therapeutic relationship. Each child's parent was also administered a parallel version of the questionnaire. Children's beliefs were then compared to parent's beliefs regarding the issue of confidentiality in school-based counseling. The questionnaires were developed based on the American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct (2002) and included items from the subarea of Principle 4, Privacy and Confidentiality. A significant main effect (p < .05) for child respondent group versus parent respondent group was demonstrated with the parent group scoring significantly higher in ethical beliefs regarding confidentiality in counseling in a school-based mental health clinic. Additional statistical analyses comparing confidentiality beliefs by ethnicity (Hispanic families versus Caucasian families) and child's gender found no significant main effects (p > .05). The initial hypothesis that children did not differ from their parents in their respective beliefs concerning confidentiality in school-based counseling was rejected. The results suggested that parents demonstrated more of an understanding of confidentiality that was consistent with professional ethical guidelines than did their respective children. The results are discussed in terms of confidentiality in a therapeutic relationship and children's perception of the maintenance of such confidentiality and trust in school-based counseling. Future directions for research and the limitations of the current study are also discussed.

In the sport of springboard and platform diving, subjective scoring is used. Based on a ten point scale, judges give immediate scores which reflect the diver's performance. Each diver performs a proscribed number of dives and the total of all dives is tallied to decide final placement. While final placement in a competition is determined by physical skill, a diver's mental state often determines how successful the athlete will in the competition. While there is a plethora of literature that has examined attributions of physical education classes and other sports, there is a dearth of studies addressing the attributional style of elite NCAA male and female divers. Diving requires extreme athleticism, fearlessness and a heightened kinesthetic awareness in becoming both skill-proficient and competitive. This in turn requires intrinsic motivation to meet those challenges as well as being able to make causal attributions from one competition to the next. The purpose of this study is to determine the attributional style of elite NCAA male and female divers as well as to determine if there is a difference in attributional style between male and female divers. Further, this study will determine if the attributive style is related to performance and whether there is a difference between elite NCAA male and female divers. The study will take place at the 2005 NCAA Men's and Women's Diving Championships. At each event and at the completion of his/her final diving event, each athlete will be asked to complete a self-report questionnaire - the Attributional Style Questionnaire. An objective rating of each diver's performance will be paired with his or her attibutional style, as measured by the questionnaire. These data will be analyzed statistically to determine if gender has an effect on the attributional style of elite NCAA male and female divers.

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in parent-child interactions when children were 3 and again at 4 years of age, the time period when gender identity is developing. Thirty-three children (17 boys and 16 girls) with their fathers and mothers were observed during these two time periods across two play contexts: a story-enactment pretend play session and a rough-and-tumble play session. The parent-child dyads were observed for frequency of dyadic parent-child physical and verbal exchange to capture overt parent-child exchanges of closeness (i.e., physical touch and verbal engagement). Results revealed that at age 3, mother-son dyads engaged in more dyadic physical and verbal exchange interaction than father-son dyads. By 4 years of age, father-son dyads engaged in more dyadic physical exchange than mother-son dyads. The reverse was observed for girls. At 3 years of age, father-daughter dyads engaged in more dyadic physical exchange than mother-daughter dyads, but by 4 years of age, mother-daughter dyads engaged in more dyadic physical exchange than father-daughter dyads. The findings are consistent with a psychoanalytic model of gender identity development. / Le but de cette présente étude est d'examiner les changements encourus par les parents lors de leurs interactions avec leurs enfants de 3 et 4 ans, pendant la période de la découverte de leur identité. Trente-trois enfants (17 garçons et 16 filles) ainsi que leurs pères et mères furent observés pendant deux activités: une était une histoire de jeu de comportement ou de fairesemblant , et l'autre, unjeu de tohu-bohu. Les résultats ont révélés qu'à l'âge de 3 ans, les garçons et leurs mères s'impliquent plus dans des échanges physiques et verbaux que les garçons avec leurs pères. Dès l'âge de 4 ans, les garcons et leurs pères s'engagent plus que les garçons avec leurs mères. À l'âge de 3 ans, les filles avec leurs pères s'impliquent plus au niveau physique que les filles avec leurs mères, et vers 4 ans, les filles et leurs mères s'engagent plus que les filles avec leurs pères. Ces conclusions supportent le modèle psychoanalitique du développement de l'identité de sexe de la personne. fr

The primary objective ofthe present study was to examine the effectiveness of problem-solving consultation and videotape therapy in reducing externalizing behavior problems in children with developmental delays. Multiple measures were used to determine intervention efficacy (e.g., observations ofparent-child interactions, recorded frequency of childrens' behavior, and ratings from responses on standardized parent questionnaires). A second objective was to explore the relationship between parent and child behavior, The researcher evaluated the quality of parent-child interactions, in terms of childrens' behavior problems (e.g., compliance) and parents' skills (e.g., praise), prior to and following participation in the intervention program. The relationships between parent adjustment variables (e.g., parent stress and depressive symptoms), externalizing behavior problems in children, and the quality of parent-child interactions were assessed. Parent adjustment was measured by self-report with standardized questionnaires that evaluated parent stress and depression. The twelve-week intervention program was provided to 22 children, parents, and teachers. A multiple-baseline research design was used and standardized measures were completed by parents at pre-and postintervention.[...] / Le premier objectif de la présente étude était d'examiner l'efficacité de la consultation utilisant un système de résolution des problèmes avec la thérapie base sur des vidéos pour la réduction des problèmes de comportement chez les enfants avec un retard développemental. Des mesures multiples ont été utilisées pour déterminer l'efficacité d'intervention (par exemple, observations des interactions de parent-enfant, la fréquence enregistrée du comportement des enfants et les estimations des réponses de parent sur les questionnaires normalisés). L'investigateur a évalue la qualité des interactions de parent enfant, spécifiquement en termes de problèmes du comportement des enfants (par exemple : conformité) et les compétences de parents' (par exemple, éloge), avant et âpres la participation au programme d'intervention. Le rapport entre les variables d'ajustement émotionnel de parent (par exemple, effort de parent et symptômes dépressifs), les problèmes de comportement chez les enfants et la qualité des interactions de parent-enfant ont été évalues. L'ajustement émotionnel de parent a été mesure par rapport individuel avec des questionnaires normalises qui a permis d'évaluer la dépression et l'angoisse de parent. Le programme d'intervention de douze semaines a été fourni a22 enfants, parents, et professeurs. Un protocole expérimental de multiple ligne de base a été employé et des questionnaires normalises ont été utilises avant et après l'intervention, les questionnaires ont été remplis par les parents.[...]

<p>ABSTRACT BELIEFS AND KNOWLEDGE OF SCHOOL COUNSELORS AND SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS ABOUT GRADE RETENTION DEBRA HARO Grade retention long has been a controversial approach to supporting struggling students. The current study used a survey method to investigate the knowledge and beliefs of school psychologists and school counselors as to the efficacy of grade retention. In total 383 school psychologists and 108 school counselors participated in the survey which consisted of 20 Belief Statements and13 Knowledge questions. Results show that school psychologists? beliefs are more similar to research that has been done over the past several years than the beliefs of the school counselors in the current sample. The results of the Belief portion of the survey indicated that the school counselors in the sample favor retaining students for lack of maturity and poor attendance more than the school psychologists do, with the school psychologists? beliefs being more in line with research. Both groups agreed with the ideas that a student should only be retained once and students who are receiving support from a special education teacher should not be retained. On the Knowledge portion of the survey the school psychologists obtained an average of 67.644 and the average for the school counselors was 44.515, with a statistically significant difference between the means. This indicates that the school psychologists have a significantly higher amount of knowledge on the subject of grade retention. The school psychologists and school counselors were asked to identify their sources of knowledge in order to determine if they were practical or propositional. The school psychologists were fairly split on their responses, with 51 percent indicating that they had obtained their knowledge through a propositional source. The school counselors indicated that 84.3 percent had obtained their knowledge through practical means, which may explain the difference in beliefs and levels of knowledge.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Clark University, 1916. / "Reprinted from the American journal of psychology, April, 1921, vol. XXXII." "From the Psychological laboratory of Clark University."

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Clark University, 1916. / "Reprinted from the American journal of psychology, April, 1921, vol. XXXII." "From the Psychological laboratory of Clark University." Also available in digital form on the Internet Archive Web site.

Inaug.-diss.--Tübingen. / Lebens- und bildungsgang. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 100-102.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1920. / "Reprinted from the Journal of educational psychology." Also available in digital form on the Internet Archive Web site.