<p> This non-experimental correlational quantitative study was designed to explore the effects of specialized professional development, age, gender, and years of teaching experience on the successful integration of iPads into classroom literacy education among K-6 students. The study uses the teachers&rsquo; Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) scores to measure the successful integration of the iPads. Much research has been completed exploring the implementation of various technologies into the classroom. With the advent of the iPad in 2010, and Apple Inc.&rsquo;s eagerness to include their product in the classroom, it was inevitable that mobile tablet technology would be added to the public school classroom. The researcher chose to study K-6 teachers at three elementary schools in the Coachella Valley Unified School District (CVUSD). The CVUSD implemented a 1:1 iPad integration program throughout in 2012, providing an iPad for every student at every grade level in the district. CVUSD was the first district in the United States to implement such a program. The K-6 teacher population was narrowed to teachers who teach age-appropriate literacy skills regularly in the classroom, removing Art, Music, Physical Education, and English Language Learner (ELL) instructors from the population. The repeatedly validated instrument, The Survey of Preservice Teachers' Knowledge of Teaching and Technology, was used to find the TPACK of the teachers in the final sample. This instrument has been repeatedly validated for both pre- and in-service teachers. The scores were analyzed using the Pearson&rsquo;s ? correlation coefficient to discover whether or not there was a significant positive or negative correlation between the TPACK score and its subdomains and the amount of specialized professional development, the age, the gender, and the years of teaching experience of the teacher. Using the Spearman&rsquo;s ? and the Two-Tailed test to cross-check the results, the researcher found no significant positive or negative correlation between the teachers&rsquo; TPACK scores and the studied variables. One research and one practical recommendation have been suggested by the researchers. A follow-up study using a school or district that has not instituted a 1:1 iPad program wherein the research team would implement a program and follow the progress of the program for 1 to 3 years and improving professional development programs to include detailed and immersive modules for integrating technology into the classroom and into the lessons.</p><p>

<p> This study focused on student achievement in remedial math through online and traditional delivery modes at Northwest Mississippi Community College. Student participants were interviewed through a semi-structured interview process to determine perceived influences and challenges that affected success in remedial math courses. The perceived influences and challenges that emerged from interview data were used to comparatively analyze online and traditional classroom modality of instruction. The acquired interview data provided for a systematic process to determine if there was a significant difference in student achievement in remedial math based on modality of instruction. A grounded theory methodology was used as a construct for this comparative study. </p><p> The population for consideration was freshmen and sophomore students who attempted a remedial math course online and/or in a traditional classroom format. Participants were interviewed in a face-to-face setting. The study was guided by two research questions: 1.) what are the perceived influences that aided in your academic success in remedial math taken online or in a traditional classroom format at Northwest Mississippi Community College? 2.) What are the challenges that hindered your academic success in remedial math courses online or in traditional classroom format at Northwest Mississippi Community College? </p><p> According to the perceptions of the participants in the study, there was no significant difference in student achievement in remedial math online compared with traditional classroom instruction based on influences that aided in success. Furthermore, there was not a significant difference in challenges that hindered academic success among students who attempted remedial math online and in the traditional classroom.</p><p>

<p> Within some areas of traditional legal education there has been discussion of and advocacy for greater acceptance and integration of online technology. This study addresses the enormous gap in the legal literature concerning perceptions of online legal education and adds to the robust body of literature concerning perceptions of online education in general, with a focus on a specific type of institution: law school. This qualitative exploratory study involved the collection and analysis of perceptions among 15 recently retired full-time faculty members from traditional brick-and-mortar law schools regarding online legal education. Through a process of examination and coding, this research identified and clarified topics and patterns in the data. Perceived benefits of online learning in law school included its facilitation of a diversity of learning styles, improved accessibility, and a reduction of fear and pressure. Critical perceptions included worries over the loss of physical face-to-face presence, reduction of fear and pressure, and possible incompatibility with clinical legal education. Other concerns involved engagement/discipline in online (and live) education, the approach of some for-profit institutions, technological issues, cheating, and class size (in live and online settings). The findings suggest a relationship between exposure to and appreciation of online learning and an anomalous relationship (with caveats) between faculty gender and appreciation of online learning. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of all forms of delivery of legal education, with emphasis on whether online education is used to replicate traditional law school education or to accommodate different learning styles through distinct pedagogies.</p><p>

The features and capacities of mobile devices offer a wide range of significant opportunities for providing learning content in workplaces and educational institutions. This new approach of teaching, called mobile learning, allows for the delivery of learning content on the move at any time. Mobile learning supports learning by producing learning content to learners in a modern and acceptable way. The number of mobile learning applications has increased rapidly in educational environments. There are, however, limited mobile learning applications that take advantage of mobile devices to support contact learning in the classroom environment. The aim of this research was to design a mobile learning architecture to effectively support contact learning in the classroom. The researcher investigated the historical and theoretical background of mobile learning and reported these findings. This included an overview of existing mobile learning architectures. After identifying their limitations, the researcher designed the Contact Instruction Mobile Learning Architecture (CIMLA) to facilitate the use of mobile devices in the classroom. The researcher developed the LiveLearning prototype based on the proposed architecture as a proof of concept. He conducted a usability evaluation in order to determine the usability of LiveLearning. The results indicated that the LiveLearning prototype is effective in supporting contact learning in the classroom.

D.Ed. / The increase in internal and external communication has brought about a radical change in organisation and has left its mark on education. Information remains the facilitator's most important aid. At present information is stored in textbooks, facilitator's notes, audiocassettes, sources of reference, videos and curriculum guides. Facilitators and learners obtain information from these sources and process it in various ways. By means of digital technology it has become possible both to keep all these sources up to date and to establish a direct link with other sources. The question arises as to how education can make use of this extensive aid. This research poses the question whether education can be advanced through the effective use of electronic communication such as videos, computers and, more specifically, the Internet. With a view to the utilisation of electronic communication for education, an Internet module as an example was designed, in order to determine which application possibilities exist in electronic communication, more specifically the Internet, and how they can be utilised for the dissemination of information. The research has attempted to provide guidelines for the effective utilisation of an Internet module applied as learning content. A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design is followed within contextual setting to achieve the aims of the study. In Phase One of the research a relevant study of literature on electronic communication, the Internet, and education was undertaken in order to design and apply an Internet module. The research method consists of interviews with media experts, focusing on the application possibilities and the establishment of guidelines for an Internet module. A group interview with principals was held mainly for verification and triagulatory purposes. The results of the study were compared with existing literature on the subject. The conclusions, findings and recommendations resulting from the research were presented for consideration and further research. Some of the most important findings and recommendations follow.

The availability and sophistication of visual display images, such as simulations, for use in science classrooms has increased exponentially however, it can be difficult for teachers to use these images to encourage and engage active student thinking. There is a need to describe flexible discussion strategies that use visual media to engage active thinking. This mixed methods study analyzes teacher behavior in lessons using visual media about the particulate model of matter that were taught by three experienced middle school teachers. Each teacher taught one half of their students with lessons using static overheads and taught the other half with lessons using a projected dynamic simulation. The quantitative analysis of pre-post data found significant gain differences between the two image mode conditions, suggesting that the students who were assigned to the simulation condition learned more than students who were assigned to the overhead condition. Open coding was used to identify a set of eight image-based teaching strategies that teachers were using with visual displays. Fixed codes for this set of image-based discussion strategies were then developed and used to analyze video and transcripts of whole class discussions from 12 lessons. The image-based discussion strategies were refined over time in a set of three in-depth 2x2 comparative case studies of two teachers teaching one lesson topic with two image display modes. The comparative case study data suggest that the simulation mode may have offered greater affordances than the overhead mode for planning and enacting discussions. The 12 discussions were also coded for overall teacher student interaction patterns, such as presentation, IRE, and IRF. When teachers moved during a lesson from using no image to using either image mode, some teachers were observed asking more questions when the image was displayed while others asked many fewer questions. The changes in teacher student interaction patterns suggest that teachers vary on whether they consider the displayed image as a "tool-for-telling" and a "tool-for-asking." The study attempts to provide new descriptions of strategies teachers use to orchestrate image-based discussions designed to promote student engagement and reasoning in lessons with conceptual goals.

The focus of this study is to examine the factors that comprise convenience for distance education students. The prevailing assumption regarding student selection of distance education is that the choice is directly related to convenience and the ability to control the time and place of their learning. Students are selecting and repeatedly taking distance education courses; this research sought to understand the reasons behind this selection. The premise of this study is there are many bundles that underlie the convenience in distance education and they are related to factors other than anywhere, anytime learning. Previous studies have relied on the use of survey data regarding students' preferences regarding distance education. This study utilized a qualitative approach to allow the students to tell their own stories. Nine distance students attending community college were interviewed for this research. The student stories and experiences provide the data and basis for the findings of this study. Implications for future research are discussed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the persistence of adult students in online undergraduate courses at the community college level. Quantitative analysis of survey results from 476 students enrolled in on-line courses at two community colleges indicate that desire to complete the degree, previous experience in on-line courses and assignment completion are the strongest predictors of course completion. The findings from this research also provide the basis for making recommendations for future research and improving policy and practice. Finally, the results of this study suggest the basis for developing new models for understanding persistence in on-line courses.

With the latest developments in computer based testing, implementing equating techniques that incorporate automated essay scoring systems such as e-rater are encouraging potential new directions for equating mixed-format tests of writing that include multiple-choice (MC) items and an essay. The inclusion of generic e-rater essay scores into the anchor set was used to adjust for essay prompts' difficulty. A pseudo-test form study was completed to investigate the impact of using generic e-rater scores to equate mixed-format tests that consist of MC items and a single essay. Equating outcomes for the proposed equating methodology (MC+e-rater scores) as an alternative to the current MC-only anchor-item set approach for the mixed-format tests revealed some promising results. The kappa and observed agreements for pass/fail status determined from the composite scores were very large and similar for all six equating methods comparing the alternate method to the current approach. The findings indicate that MC+e-rater equating outcomes are as strong as the MC-only equating results, and even better for some conditions. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Summer Semester 2015. / May 28, 2015. / automated essay scoring, certification tests, Equating, mixed format tests, pass/fail agreements, pseudo test forms / Includes bibliographical references. / Russell George Almond, Professor Directing Dissertation; Elizabeth Jakubowski, University Representative; Betsy Jane Becker, Committee Member; Insu Paek, Committee Member.

The purpose of this year long strategic ethnography is to discover how introducing digital storytelling into an urban second grade classroom impacts the study of language arts and repositions students as literacy learners. Research questions include: (1) In a classroom where most of the students have never used computers before as learning tools, what happens as they learn to create books using digital means? (2) How do the students position themselves as authors, and how do they use imagery in representing their alphabetic (or regular print) texts? For this study, the students write stories in cooperative writing groups and choose their own topics. The students illustrate their stories and the illustrations are scanned for digitalization. The students learn how to word process their stories, and the students also learn how to incorporate both image and text onto a page using a computer application. The researcher is a participant/observer, spending one language arts period per week in this classroom. The methods of data collection include: fieldnotes, digital photographs, audio tapes, video tapes, student surveys, teacher interviews, news stories and demographic information collected from Winterdale school system, student generated texts and other student artifacts. The frameworks of this study include: The New London Group’s theory of multiliteracies, Kress and van Leeuwen’s theory of semiotics, and Spradley’s analysis techniques based on ethnographic participant observation. Analysis of these student generated texts using the frameworks mentioned, critical discourse analysis and domain analysis help to reveal emerging themes and how the students position themselves as writers. Video footage, fieldnotes, participant observation and dialogical data show that the students in this study were excited and energized by their involvement with the Digital Storytelling Project (DSP) and that the use of computer and digital media technology was very well received. As the students shared in the decision making involved in designing a story, they positioned themselves and one another as authorities, and as successful and creative writers and illustrators. Creating the images for their stories opened up yet another mode of communication and became a source of competence for the students. They used their imaginations and elaborated on their story lines as they added visual details that were not found in the written texts. The DSP also raised the classroom teacher’s awareness of computer technology and gave her the courage to be an active participant in the realm of technology alongside her students. Three of the student participants exhibited positive behavior changes as a result of participating in this project. This study implies that pairing social semiotics with computer technology can enable students, including at-risk students, to find modes of communication that they can employ, and this has the potential to increase active engagement with literacy learning.