King Edward I of England's castle building program in Wales from 1282 to 1295 provides a unique event that can be studied in further detail. Edward's castle building program turns the conquest of Wales into an early example of what future English colonization would become. By examining the building of Conwy and Caernarvon in Wales and the accompanying social programs we are better able to understand how the English viewed conquest and colonization. The conquest spent approximately £35,000 on the building of the castles of Conwy and Caernarvon, a colossal sum for the time. The reallocation of resources from England into Wales provide important similarities to later colonial endeavors, especially in the large application of manpower to build successful colonies. Another similarity becomes the split between the use of local raw resources such as the stone and timber combined with the need for manufactured goods brought from England. The social changes also had a major impact. The construction of Edward's castles Conwy and Caernarvon replaced iconic locations of Welsh power. The accompanying Statute of Wales (1284) changed the Welsh legal landscape and forced the English legal system on the Welsh. By replacing Welsh locations of power and instituting legal reform England made it possible for its colonists to safely enter northern Wales and take control of the region.

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This thesis has attempted to define and discuss as many aspects of English crusade policy in the late thirteenth century as the source material will allow. Following a brief chronological summary of Edward's involvement in the defence of the Holy Land, three sections form the framework of this examination of English crusading practice. The first consists of a narrative history of the Lord Edward's crusade of 1270-1272; the second deals with political factors which had relevance to English crusading activity throughout the period 1264-1307; and the final section includes a detailed examination of three important aspects of thirteenth-century crusading history: the contemporary relationship between theory and practice exemplified by English policies; the legatine authority and use of canonistic doctrines underling English preaching and recruitment; and the machinery through which English policies were financed.

The thesis studies political, legal and cultural historical events on the land of present Wales in the high medieval period. The emphasis is put on the rule of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (1246-1282) associated with the english invasion into Wales by Edward I. The study concentrates on understanding of the conflict in a historical context and on an analysis of legal sources. The work is divided into three main parts. First part focus on the cultural-legal essence of medieval Wales and with it bounded political cohabitation of an individual welsh leaders. Second part of this work analyzes situation in the high medieval England, characterizes so-called Welsh March and a mutual anglo-welsh cohabitation. The last part analyzes the culmination of the conflict as a consequence of the aspects described in previous parts of this work, the conflict between Llywelyn and Edward I. and the subsequent arrengment of Wales.

À la fin du XIIIe et au début du XIVe siècle, Édouard Ier (1239-1307), conquérant du Pays de Galles et de l'Écosse, semblait être en conflit perpétuel, que ce soit avec l’Écosse, la France ou le Pays de Galles. Il avait donc grandement besoin de financement. Or dès son règne, on sent que le Parlement avait acquis une importance particulière en Angleterre, de sorte qu’Édouard Ier devait le convaincre de lui accorder les taxes qu’il demandait. Des tensions socio-culturelles héritées de la conquête de 1066 compliquaient de beaucoup la tâche au roi qui se devait de trouver une solution pour unir toute la société anglaise contre ses ennemis. Le roi était également en conflit avec certains de ces sujets. C’était notamment le cas d’Antoine Bek, évêque palatin de Durham qui était menacé de perdre tous ses privilèges et libertés. Dans le but de se racheter auprès du roi, Bek demanda donc à Pierre de Langtoft, un moine du Nord de l’Angleterre, d’écrire une chronique dans laquelle il prêcherait l’union de toute la société anglaise contre les ennemis d’Édouard Ier. C’est celle-ci dont il est question dans ce mémoire, qui étudie la façon dont Pierre de Langtoft calomnie les ennemis du roi, surtout les Écossais et comment il utilise l’histoire pour plaider l’union de toutes les composantes de la société anglaise. / At the end of the thirteenth and the begining of the fourtheenth century, Edward I (1239-1307), conqueror of Wales and Scotland, seems to have been in perpetual conflict with Scotland, France and Wales. Those conflicts put him in great need of funding. At that time, the Parliament was already an important institution in England that Edward I had to convince to grant him the taxation he was asking for. This was complication by the fact that socio-culturals tensions inherited from the conquest of 1066 were complicating a lot the task of the king whos was in need of a solution for uniting the whole English society against his enemies. The king whas also in conflict with some of his subjects. This was the case of Anthony Bek the bishop palatine of Durham who was in danger of loosing his privileges and liberties. Searching a reconciliation with the king, Bek asked Peter of Langtoft a monk from northern England to write a chronicle in which he would preach the union of the whole English society against the enemy of Edward I. This memoir will study how Peter of Langtoft in his chronicle calumny the king’s enemies, specialy the Scots and how he used history to preach the union of all the english society against the king’s enemies.

À la fin du XIIIe et au début du XIVe siècle, Édouard Ier (1239-1307), conquérant du Pays de Galles et de l'Écosse, semblait être en conflit perpétuel, que ce soit avec l’Écosse, la France ou le Pays de Galles. Il avait donc grandement besoin de financement. Or dès son règne, on sent que le Parlement avait acquis une importance particulière en Angleterre, de sorte qu’Édouard Ier devait le convaincre de lui accorder les taxes qu’il demandait. Des tensions socio-culturelles héritées de la conquête de 1066 compliquaient de beaucoup la tâche au roi qui se devait de trouver une solution pour unir toute la société anglaise contre ses ennemis. Le roi était également en conflit avec certains de ces sujets. C’était notamment le cas d’Antoine Bek, évêque palatin de Durham qui était menacé de perdre tous ses privilèges et libertés. Dans le but de se racheter auprès du roi, Bek demanda donc à Pierre de Langtoft, un moine du Nord de l’Angleterre, d’écrire une chronique dans laquelle il prêcherait l’union de toute la société anglaise contre les ennemis d’Édouard Ier. C’est celle-ci dont il est question dans ce mémoire, qui étudie la façon dont Pierre de Langtoft calomnie les ennemis du roi, surtout les Écossais et comment il utilise l’histoire pour plaider l’union de toutes les composantes de la société anglaise. / At the end of the thirteenth and the begining of the fourtheenth century, Edward I (1239-1307), conqueror of Wales and Scotland, seems to have been in perpetual conflict with Scotland, France and Wales. Those conflicts put him in great need of funding. At that time, the Parliament was already an important institution in England that Edward I had to convince to grant him the taxation he was asking for. This was complication by the fact that socio-culturals tensions inherited from the conquest of 1066 were complicating a lot the task of the king whos was in need of a solution for uniting the whole English society against his enemies. The king whas also in conflict with some of his subjects. This was the case of Anthony Bek the bishop palatine of Durham who was in danger of loosing his privileges and liberties. Searching a reconciliation with the king, Bek asked Peter of Langtoft a monk from northern England to write a chronicle in which he would preach the union of the whole English society against the enemy of Edward I. This memoir will study how Peter of Langtoft in his chronicle calumny the king’s enemies, specialy the Scots and how he used history to preach the union of all the english society against the king’s enemies.