Dans un contexte de saturation des réseaux de circulation liée à l'accélération de l'urbanisation, le but de cette recherche est d’alimenter le débat scienti8ique sur les réponses à apporter à cet enjeu social par l’étude des comportements de régulation des distances physiques entre les piétons dans les lieux publics. La composante urbaine de la théorie de la proxémie d'Edward T. Hall est prise comme inspiration liminaire. Celle-ci soutient qu'il existe une corrélation entre l'organisation de l'espace macro de la Société et celui micro des comportements individuels. Elle conduit Hall à une distinction entre « cultures du contact » et du « non – contact », les premières préférant une plus grande proximité physique entre les corps. Toutefois, la différenciation des aires culturelles de Hall (par exemple : « monde arabe »= « culture du contact ») n'apparaît plus pertinente à l'ère de la mondialisation urbaine.Une nouvelle théorie « micromacro », fondée sur 4 macro-orientations susceptibles d'avoir une influence sur les comportements, est alors proposée : égalité entre citadins, individualisation, urbanité relative et régulation de l'urbanisme. Deux autres appréciations de l’existence d’une corrélation scalaire entre des niveaux de description des relations spatiales sont également testées. L'une, appelée « micromeso », s’inspire de la théorie des « sites comportementaux » de Roger Barker. Elle considère que les comportements proxémiques sont corrélés avec des unités intermédiaires définies par un lieu et une heure spécifiques telles que «le métro à l'heure de pointe». L'autre théorie,appelée « micro », affirme que toute forme de corrélation scalaire est une erreur écologique.Delhi, Los Angeles, Paris et Tokyo, qui répondent différemment aux macro-orientations de la théorie micromacro sont prises comme terrains d’étude. Les comportements à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du métro de chacune de ces aires métropolitaines sont observés (théorie micromeso). Dans ces deux conditions, des niveaux similaires d’enjeu spatial sont étudiés (théorie micro). Les résultats amènent à conclure que les relations de circulation sont mieux décrites par ordre d'efficacité lorsqu'on les considère cumulativement comme micro > micromeso >micromacro. Je défends alors la thèse selon laquelle les sociétés devraient débattre des améliorations des microconditions des relations de circulation plutôt que de se concentrer sur les explications micromacro et micromeso des dysfonctionnements de celles-ci, qui peuvent par exemple être identifiées dans la mise en compétition des individus autour du thème de la civilité. / In a context of traf8ic networks saturation related to urbanisation acceleration, thisresearch is aimed at contributing to the scienti8ic debate on this issue by building a model to describe dynamic pedestrians’ physical distances regulation behaviours in public places.The urban dimension of Edward T. Hall’s theory of proxemics is taken as an initial inspiration. This author argues that a correlation exists between the organisation of space at the macro level of Society and the micro level of individual behaviours. It leads him to a synthetic distinction between ‘contact cultures’ and ‘non-contact cultures’. The former tends to prefer smaller distances at all scales of space organisation compared to the latter.This hypothesis is considered seriously in the research. Nonetheless, Hall’s macroculturalist anthropological area distinction (e.g.: the ‘Arab World’ = ‘contact culture’) isnot relevant anymore in the urban globalization era. Therefore, a new ‘micromacro’theory, based on 4 macro orientations expected to have an influence on micro behaviours,is proposed: equality between urban citizens, individualisation, relative urbanity and urban planning regulation.Two other scalar correlation theories of spatial relations description are also tested. One,called ‘micromeso’, is based on Roger Barker’s behaviour setting theory. It states thatproxemical behaviours are correlated with intermediate units related to a specific placeand time such as ‘the subway at peak hours’. The other theory, called ‘micro’, states thatany form of scalar correlation is an ecological fallacy. Accordingly, the description processhas to remain at the very level of physical distance relations between individuals.These different theories are tested empirically in Delhi, Los Angeles, Paris and Tokyowhich all answer differently to the macro orientations of the micromacro theory. Behaviours inside the metro and outside of it are observed (micromeso theory). In each condition, similar levels of spatial competition for places are taken into consideration (micro theory).The results lead to conclude that traffic relations between pedestrians are best describedwhen considered cumulatively as micro > micromeso > micromacro by order of efficiency. Eventually, I defend the thesis that urban dwellers should debate of traffic relationshipsmicro conditions improvements rather than focusing on micromacro and micromeso explanations of the networks breakdowns which can be found for instance in the competition promoted between individuals on civil behaviours.

This study of Grevegården Church, Tynnered, Gothenburg, Sweden, shows how Swedish architect Rolf Bergh's characteristic motifs are applied even in what is his last completed building. Through comparisons with works constructed at different times in Bergh's long, unbroken career of designing church buildings (from the late 1940s up until 1992), the study finds that the architect's theoretical base very much shapes the built space.  This study also shows how a relatively common process for a new church building in Sweden happened at the end of the 20th century - from the competition proposal, via the project design to the finished building. In this process we find a dynamic between architect and client, but also between architect and, for example, procurement rules. Rolf Bergh belongs to a modernist tradition in which the architect plays a major role in the process - as in Grevegården Church, where he has designed everything from the exterior to the light fittings.  Rolf Bergh has often been seen primarily as a religious architect, with the implication that function took precedence over aesthetic values. This study argues instead that Bergh was essentially a modernist architect, while maintaining high aesthetic quality, albeit probably more versed than many of his contemporaries in liturgical matters. In this specific building Bergh, in line with the times, incorporates and blends postmodernist motifs with modernist ones. The cultural-historical values of Grevegården church are counteracted by the relative ordinariness of the building and the fact that the building does not yet meet the age criterion for general conservation value. In the current discourse, there is a tendency to positively re-evaluate the architecture of the late 1980s and early 1990s. With an understanding based on this tendency, Grevegården church can very well assert itself on its aesthetic quality. The study concludes by discussing the ongoing debate about how potentially redundant church spaces should be managed and valued in the future.

THE ABSTRACT The intercultural communication is an extraordinarily important topic especially within the multicultural environment of the European Union. Ph.D. work "The Intercultural Communication in the Context of the European Union Cultural Policy" is focused on a possible relation between intercultural communication and policymaking and realization of the EU cultural policy. Based on studied scholarly literature, other materials and considering previous author's expert experience a basic hypothesis was drawn up - despite all proclamation of the EU the intercultural communication is significantly underestimated. This basic premise was especially because of further surveying divided into a few fractional hypotheses. The aim of the thesis was to empirically verify the assumption formulated above. This dissertation work therefore analyzes the intercultural communication's theory, the history and the present of the EU cultural policy and the EU key institutions responsible for cultural policymaking. The work provides an overview of basic communication characteristics of the EU member states and their cultural categorization. This summary was inter alia prepared thanks to cooperation with The Hofstede Centre and Richard Lewis Communications international institute and its helpful internal online tools...

This diploma thesis is focused on Czech-Scottish cultural standards at work environment. The main aim is to define Scottish cultural standards at work environment from the Czech point of view and to compare them with the theory. The thesis begins with the definition of culture, cultural dimensions introduced by G. Hofstede, F. Trompenaars and E. T. Hall and cultural standards by A. Thomas. It continues to the description of Scotland with its geography, history, language, economic situation and various systems in the society, such as the legal system, educational system, health care system, a role of the family and religion. Further, Scottish national identity, key values and traditions are identified and there are added some information about work in Scotland. The thesis then leads us onwards to the determination of eight cultural standards at work environment and six cultural standards connected with the daily life in Scotland based on the qualitative research. The standards concerning work environment are further compared with the theory. At the end of the thesis, there are provided some recommendations for Czechs who are going to work with Scots.