No / As a domain of knowledge for healthcare professionals, palliative care is complex and demanding; not least for educators. Effective teaching in palliative care relies on educators both being able to develop and encourage interpersonal skills, and also to capture an authentic sense of the real world in teaching clinical aspects of care. The recommendations of the Francis Report present a challenge to educators: how do we "educate" (literally, "to develop the faculties and powers of") the palliative care providers of the future? How do we ensure they are competent, compassionate communicators? Team-based learning is currently being piloted in at the University of Bradford as a means of achieving these goals. This technique, developed by Larry Michaelson and colleagues in the United States, uses sound pedagogical principles to encourage debate and dissent between small teams related to complex and ambiguous areas of knowledge. The role of the educator is to guide and facilitate discussion, and challenge preconceptions and assumptions. There is minimal use of lectures other than to consolidate conclusions. It was decided to pilot the technique within the palliative care content of the curriculum, because of the opportunities to develop students skills of critical thinking, awareness and compassion. Initial analysis of questionnaire and focus group data within Bradford is overwhelmingly in support; students are demonstrating evidence of increased critical thinking, more effective teamwork, evolving listening skills, and satisfaction at learning in a way which they perceive to be much more akin to clinical practice than didactic lectures and seminars. This presentation will look at the structure of team-based learning, review the evidence, and examine how it was applied specifically to palliative care using scenarios based on Patient Journeys in the last year of life. The opportunities for its use in clinical, interprofessional and post-registration palliative care education will be explored.

Yes / The implementation of robot-assisted surgery (RAS) can be challenging, with reports of surgical robots being underused. This raises questions about differences compared with open and laparoscopic surgery and how best to integrate RAS into practice. Objectives: To (1) contribute to reporting of the ROLARR (RObotic versus LAparoscopic Resection for Rectal cancer) trial, by investigating how variations in the implementation of RAS and the context impact outcomes; (2) produce guidance on factors likely to facilitate successful implementation; (3) produce guidance on how to ensure effective teamwork; and (4) provide data to inform the development of tools for RAS. Design: Realist process evaluation alongside ROLARR. Phase 1 – a literature review identified theories concerning how RAS becomes embedded into practice and impacts on teamwork and decision-making. These were refined through interviews across nine NHS trusts with theatre teams. Phase 2 – a multisite case study was conducted across four trusts to test the theories. Data were collected using observation, video recording, interviews and questionnaires. Phase 3 – interviews were conducted in other surgical disciplines to assess the generalisability of the findings. Findings: The introduction of RAS is surgeon led but dependent on support at multiple levels. There is significant variation in the training provided to theatre teams. Contextual factors supporting the integration of RAS include the provision of whole-team training, the presence of handpicked dedicated teams and the availability of suitably sized operating theatres. RAS introduces challenges for teamwork that can impact operation duration, but, over time, teams develop strategies to overcome these challenges. Working with an experienced assistant supports teamwork, but experience of the procedure is insufficient for competence in RAS and experienced scrub practitioners are important in supporting inexperienced assistants. RAS can result in reduced distraction and increased concentration for the surgeon when he or she is supported by an experienced assistant or scrub practitioner. Conclusions: Our research suggests a need to pay greater attention to the training and skill mix of the team. To support effective teamwork, our research suggests that it is beneficial for surgeons to (1) encourage the team to communicate actions and concerns; (2) alert the attention of the assistant before issuing a request; and (3) acknowledge the scrub practitioner’s role in supporting inexperienced assistants. It is beneficial for the team to provide oral responses to the surgeon’s requests. Limitations: This study started after the trial, limiting impact on analysis of the trial. The small number of operations observed may mean that less frequent impacts of RAS were missed. Future work: Future research should include (1) exploring the transferability of guidance for effective teamwork to other surgical domains in which technology leads to the physical or perceptual separation of surgeon and team; (2) exploring the benefits and challenges of including realist methods in feasibility and pilot studies; (3) assessing the feasibility of using routine data to understand the impact of RAS on rare end points associated with patient safety; (4) developing and evaluating methods for whole-team training; and (5) evaluating the impact of different physical configurations of the robotic console and team members on teamwork. / National Inst for Health Research (NIHR)

Tyrimo darbo tikslas: išnagrinėjus teorinius komandinio darbo organizavimo aspektus, numatyti komandinio darbo tobulinimo galimybes AB “Neaustinių medžiagų fabrike”. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje apibrėžiama komandinio darbo sąvoka, apžvelgiamas komandinio darbo organizavimas ir jo principai, išskiriami efektyvaus komandinio darbo veiksniai bei pateikiama šiuolaikinių organizacijų tyrimų tendencijų analizė įgyvendinant komandinį darbą.Antroje dalyje pateikiama komandinio darbo organizavimo tyrimo metodika. Darbe panaudotas kiekybinis tyrimas, buvo parengtos anoniminės anketos. Anketą sudaro dešimt klausimų blokų. Trečioje darbo dalyje apžvelgiami išsamūs komandinio darbo organizavimo ir tobulinimo galimybių “Neaustinių medžiagų fabrikas” rezultatai. Anketinės apklausos būdu surinkti empirinio tyrimo duomenys leido nustatyti, kokius komandinio darbo organizavimo principus organizacija taiko, taip pat leido nustatyti komandinio darbo tobulinimo galimybes. Tyrimo metu paaiškėjo, kad “Neaustinių medžiagų fabrikas” yra realizuojami komandinio darbo organizavimo principai, taip pat vyrauja tam tikros organizavimo problemos. Rezultatai parodė, kad organizacijoje yra galimybė tobulinti komandinį darbą. Remiantis tyrimo metu gautais rezultatais patvirtintos magistro darbe iškeltos hipotezės: darbuotojai pirmenybę atiduoda komandiniams tikslams, egzistuoja komandinio darbo realizavimo sunkumai bei darbuotojų pasiskirstymas pagal pareigas lemia skirtingą požiūrį į komandinio darbo savybes... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study: after analyze of the theoretical aspects of the teamwork organization, provide teamwork improvement opportunities in AB "Nonwoven factory". The first part defines the concept of teamwork, reviewed teamwork organization and it's principles, secreted factors of effective teamwork and presents contemporary research trends in implementing teamwork.The second part discusses about the teamwork organization research methods. It is used quantitative analysis in this work, where were prepared anonymous questionnaires. The questionnaire consists of ten questions blocks. The third part gives an overview of the detailed organization of teamwork and development opportunities for AB "Nonwovens factory" results. Carrying out a survey to collect empirical data allowed to determine what teamwork organization principles use mention organization, also it allowed to identify opportunities for improvement teamwork. The study showed that in AB "Nonwoven Factory" is realized teamwork organization principles, also prevalent some organization problems. The results showed, that in this organization is the ability to improve teamwork.Based on the test results, certified master hypothesis: employees give priority to the objectives of the team, there is a difficulties of the teamwork realization and staff by positions lead to different approaches to teamwork qualities. Also here are presented the findings and recommendations, which are useful to improve teamwork organization.

The business environment is currently typified by rapid and ongoing change, which causes the future to be increasingly unpredictable and unsettled. Companies are struggling to maintain their competitive edge and to survive. It is therefore important that management should ensure that the necessary competencies and abilities are available to enable the coordination of both diversified and specialised functions within the company. This underlines the importance of effective teamwork in organizations. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of team leadership in the effectiveness of management teams. In order to attain this goal, the primary focus of the literature study was team leadership. Chapter 2 comprehensively discusses the most important aspects determining effective teams and team efficiency in organizations. The analysis of the literature was focused specifically on the general factors determining team efficiency and twenty critical factors were identified. In chapter 3 team leadership is discussed. A comprehensive literature study was done in order to identify the characteristics of an effective team leader, as well as the roles he/she is expected to play in the team. Qualitative analysis of the literature indicated 17 discernable roles which are discussed comprehensively in this chapter. Qualitative as well as quantitative research methodologies were used in order to achieve the objective of this study. Qualitative methodology was used mainly to analyze the available literature. Quantitative research involved a random sample of 19 teams, which were selected from all divisions of the organization. A dual criterion, consisting of an evaluation of the group dynamics in the teams and also of quantifyable team output was used. On the basis of the criterion these teams were divided into nine effective and ten ineffective teams. The team leaders were assessed by means of a 360° questionnaire. The head of the team, team members and the team leaders themselves were required to do the assessment according to five identified dimensions describing team leadership. The effective and ineffective teams were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test to determine whether any significant differences between the teams exist in terms of the following five dimensions: "management of attention" (dimension 1); "management of meaning and motivation" (dimension 2); "management of trust" (dimension 3); "management of self" (dimension 4) and "management of empowerment" (dimension 5). From the comparison between the effective and ineffective teams the following results were apparent: There is a clear tendency to indicate that in the case of effective teams, when assessing the team leader, the assessment by team members and team leaders coincide. In the case of ineffective teams, leaders tend to rate themselves considerably higher than the team members do. This leads to the conclusion that leaders of effective teams have a realistic view of their ability as team leaders. Significant differences were also discernable in the following dimensions: "management of attention" (dimension 1); "management of trust" (dimension 3); "management of self" (dimension 4) and "management of empowerment" (dimension 5). The most significant differences were found in terms of dimensions 3 and 5. Results indicate that leaders of effective teams have a realistic concept of their ability; that they have the ability to purposefully lead their team members; that they can inspire trust in their team members; that they manage themselves effectively and that they empower their team members in all areas and aspects. / Thesis (MCom (Human Resources Management))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted