The purpose of this research was to identify and describe the action's leaders practice that stimulate individual and group learning. An MLQ- Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and a series of interviews with members of three work teams were utilized to gather research data. This is one of the first studies completed to research this important aspect of leadership. In all three cases, the teams shared experiences where learning was transformed into useable knowledge to accomplish objectives or solve problems. The three teams learned and generated new knowledge based on viewing, challenging, sharing, orchestrating, and modeling.The findings suggest transformational leadership behaviors and actions can and often do influence individual and group learning. Specific findings included that in all three case studies, 1) team leaders engaged in transformational leadership practices 2) transformational leaders created a climate for learning by encouragement, establishing cooperation, and the identification and use of team talent. In addition, 3) the leader modeled appropriate behaviors, 4) challenged the team to question basic assumptions shared by others, 5) and acquired, shares and assimilated information for the purpose of aiding in team learning. Furthermore, in at least two cases, the leader 6) provided the team with opportunities to learn about the "big picture" and how their actions and decisions impact larger systems, and 7) provided team members with opportunities to become their own leader.Results of the research suggest organizations should consider ways to teach leaders about their role in organizational learning, systems thinking, and how their personal actions influence follower performance. Leaders should also construct climates that allow learning to take place. Lastly, with the support from leaders, knowledge and information systems are important organizational elements, which lead to learning. / Department of Educational Leadership

This research presents an understanding of the world of successful teachers. In documenting their life histories, I composed a research text which explored the presences and absences, identities and differences, changes and continuities, variations and uniqueness, which characterise how teachers perform their success in the present educational context of continued shifts and constantly changing images. Working with Trevor, Anna, Ursula, Daryl, Eddie and Hlo, I co-created stories of lives "told and experienced", a journey that pressed me to look at the transcending and shifting line between the private/public. Written through a composition of stories, poems, photographs, musical pieces and illustrations, I have engaged in the risky, poststructural practice of redescribing their worlds in order to understand what it means to think, know and act differently, in the struggle with the desire to be "free". Employing a cubist metaphor as a heuristic device, I was able to entertain the possibility of other "worlds" within the discursive practice of "being teacher": creating potential explanatory and diverse descriptions other than the one available as the singularly defined identity category of "teacher". Employing a poststructural analytical framework, I documented the multi-dimensional nature of identity and meaning, and drew attention to the play between discourse and practice in teachers' agenda for agency. Teachers' agenda for agency is described within "Patterns of Desire" within which the evaded or marginalised in teachers' lives become available as spaces for change and moments of freedom. I present an understanding of teachers' selves through excavating the "interior" of their lives to provide a more three-dimensional approach that injects the private into the public, rupturing the fine line as a way to maintain an "aura" of desire, love, friendship, hope and familiarity in their daily lived experiences. Emerging along two axes, "Practices of the Self' and "Practices on the Self', this composition that I have created, identifies the complexity of teaching discourses and practices enacted out and enacted on teachers' daily lives that resist and disrupt those hierarchical grids of normalcy and regularity. In particular, I attended to those elusive eruptions of teachers' selves when teachers articulate their resistance to normalcy and surveillance and make themselves available to refiguration and transformation. Investing in particular historically emergent social practices and relationships that teachers effect, by their own means, there is pleasure in challenging anew the bond between teachers' private lives and public responsibilities. Agency of teachers lies in the ability to deconstruct and reconstruct identity within the discursive formations and cultural practices. In troubling the structures that often imprison and violate, teachers are able to slip through and open their thoughts and desires to their differences - the other categories that are evaded in the single identity category teacher, thereby sustaining potential for ongoing continuity and change. Continued metamorphosis of thought and act, simultaneous and consecutive, is what offers teachers moments of deep meaning and awareness that keep the private/public alignment and variation in the ways of experiencing their world, in their 'desire to be', 'desire for' and 'desire to please' as a possible condition for being a successful teacher. / Thesis (Ph.D) - University of Durban-Westville, 2003.

Management of any aspect of life remains the single determining factor for success, wealth, growth and prosperity – this is a general truth. Without an effective management system, nothing will have direction and no milestone can be achieved. The most important management section of any organization is the management on ground level. If ground level management of an organization is defective, the organization will not function and will soon only serve as a reference to a valuable lesson. The sustainability of local government is determined by the same principle, with the success thereof ascribed to the management of infrastructure and processes within a municipality. One such functioning aspect of municipalities is the electrical energy metering system. A wellmanaged and maintained electrical energy management system is one of the few capital resources of any municipality. The electrical supply system can however also be one of many constraints, impeding development if mismanaged. This research study shows the effects of management, or the lack thereof, on selected rural municipalities. Research was done to determine the current state of technology and the associated financial impact on these municipalities. Although it is not possible to generalize, it is evident from this research study that an underlying problem is the lack of proper ground level management. Design science research was used to add value in the form of a capability maturity model for rural municipalities. Such a model can be used to score a municipality in terms of its capability maturity at national level. When applied correctly, this model can be used as a management tool. By the implementation of certain management strategies based on technical principles, the impact of an electrical energy metering management system was also illustrated by this research study. This research study also covers the applied method and results as implemented by several municipalities within the Republic of South Africa. / Thesis (MIng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Audit committees are an integral part of good corporate governance and their establishment strengthens the credibility of governments. As a foundation of good governance, audit committees are positioned to provide an objective assessment of whether or not public resources are responsibly and effectively managed. They also promote accountability and integrity, as well as improvement in the operations of governments and municipalities. The establishment of audit committees in the local sphere of government came with the advent of modernisation in terms of the budget and financial management, which was intended to strengthen accountability. The requirement for effective utilisation of resources by local government is critical for the support and empowerment of local communities and delivery of effective services. The audit committee framework for local government, which is provided by the Municipal Finance Management Act (56 of 2003), is underpinned by principles of good governance and accountability, which promote the effective functioning of audit committees. However, there are perceptions and arguments advanced in the literature regarding the effectiveness of audit committees as an accountability structure. This was brought about by the recurring reported incidences of the failure of businesses, which took place despite the existence of rules and laws regulating the function. As a result, trends of leading best practices were established, which enhanced audit committees' performance and were adopted as a proxy for the measurement of audit committees’ effectiveness. The focus of the study is on validating the perception by management that the audit committee of the Westonaria Local Municipality (WLM) is effective in the execution of its oversight role. A literature study on the functioning of audit committees have been undertaken, official municipal documents were analysed and a questionnaire has been developed and utilised as a means for gathering data, in order to prove the hypothesis to be either true or false. The areas investigated in this study demonstrate that the audit committee of WLM is generally effective in the execution of its oversight function. The findings of the study also identified certain areas in the audit function which require the attention of both management and the audit committee of the municipality. More specifically, the observations made in the study include the following: (i) that audit committee members are not provided with the agendas and reports in sufficient time for them to adequately prepare for meetings; (ii) that a productive relationship between the audit committee and the management of the local government has to be maintained; (iii) that there is a lack of informal meetings between the audit committee and the external and internal auditors; (iv) that no appropriate training of the audit committee on existing and potential audit risks in local government is in place; (v) that there is an absence of continuous learning programmes for the members of the audit committee; and (vi) that audit committee members do not evaluate themselves in terms of their level of knowledge regarding the functioning and activities of their audit committee. Attending to these aspects, as identified through this study, will further improve the audit committee’s activities in the WLM. These aspects are therefore not viewed in a negative light, but are rather regarded as a positive venture to be addressed by municipal management and the audit committee, in order to improve the functioning of the audit committee. These aspects should therefore be added to the many positives aspects that are identified concerning the WLM audit committee, as discussed in this study. / M Public Administration (Development and Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Cancer therapy with high-energy particles has proved to be beneficial over the last 10 years. Protons are regarded as being more advantageous because of their distinctive physical depth dose distribution that allows dose conformation to the tumor while sparing normal tissue. In this study, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for the 200-MeV clinical proton beam at iThemba LABS were measured at strategic positions along a 5 cm Spread-Out-Bragg-Peak (SOBP). RBE values were evaluated at the initial plateau of the virgin beam (24.2 mm in Perspex), and at the middle part, distal part and distal edge (12.4% max. dose) along the SOBP (depth in Perspex= 161.4, 181.3 and 207.7 mm respectively). Biological systems used were Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-Kl) for both cell survival and micronuclei frequencies as well as human T-lymphocytes for micronuclei frequency analysis. (60)^Co y-irradiation served as a reference. Cell survival measurements yielded RBE values of 1.17 at the distal part and 1.62 at the distal edge (12.4 max. dose). For micronuclei analysis, a limiting RBEap+ay value of 1.3 at the distal part was observed. Using T-lymphocytes, RBEap+/ay values calculated were 2.1, 2.7 and 3.2 at the middle part, distal part and distal edge, respectively. These results show an increase in RBE with depth of penetration and are explained by an increase in ionization density at the end of the SOBP. This is influenced by a high fraction of low-energy protons at that position. Protons were found to be most potent per unit dose towards the end as they slow down to a complete stop. It is recommended that an RBE value slightly greater than the current 1.1 be applied in therapy. Also, that the less steep biological effective depth dose curve be taken into account when dose planning. / Thesis (MSc. ARST) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2003

Management of any aspect of life remains the single determining factor for success, wealth, growth and prosperity – this is a general truth. Without an effective management system, nothing will have direction and no milestone can be achieved. The most important management section of any organization is the management on ground level. If ground level management of an organization is defective, the organization will not function and will soon only serve as a reference to a valuable lesson. The sustainability of local government is determined by the same principle, with the success thereof ascribed to the management of infrastructure and processes within a municipality. One such functioning aspect of municipalities is the electrical energy metering system. A wellmanaged and maintained electrical energy management system is one of the few capital resources of any municipality. The electrical supply system can however also be one of many constraints, impeding development if mismanaged. This research study shows the effects of management, or the lack thereof, on selected rural municipalities. Research was done to determine the current state of technology and the associated financial impact on these municipalities. Although it is not possible to generalize, it is evident from this research study that an underlying problem is the lack of proper ground level management. Design science research was used to add value in the form of a capability maturity model for rural municipalities. Such a model can be used to score a municipality in terms of its capability maturity at national level. When applied correctly, this model can be used as a management tool. By the implementation of certain management strategies based on technical principles, the impact of an electrical energy metering management system was also illustrated by this research study. This research study also covers the applied method and results as implemented by several municipalities within the Republic of South Africa. / Thesis (MIng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

In recent years, Pastoral leadership has been in crisis as a result of globalisation and its far reaching effects. Added to this is the stereotypical, social image of the word 'pastor' and what it takes to be considered successful in ministry. Related to these factors, the key problem that stands out in this research is that pastoral ministry has been governed by success and of the wrong kind: consumerism and relevance. The objective of this research is to examine the concept of pastoral ministry effectiveness. New Testament texts, and not excluding contributions from the Old Testament, indicate models of pastoral ministry that support the need to redefine and refine our understanding of pastoral leadership effectiveness in ministry in the face of globalisation. In order to accomplish this study, the central theological argument was that pastoral ministry is most effective in a global society when it is rooted in the Imago Dei. The questions raised are: What is the doctrine of the Imago Dei? What role might it play in a concept of pastoral effectiveness now? The importance of the Christian faith and core beliefs cannot be ignored, in particular that we are created in the Image of God. On the fundamental basis of Christ's events it is argued that unless pastors internalise the teachings and examples of Imago Christi by the works of the Holy Spirit in continua, pastoral ministry is not only ineffective but is also a misrepresentation of the theological aspect and also, a distortion of the historical literature of humankind. A precise meaning is sorely needed of what it is to be successful as a pastor, of the limits of human capacity and of the fallen nature and redeemed status of humankind. On this topic, it is posited that the pastor who is set apart by God to shepherd His sheep according to what Jesus Christ has shown and done, is a proper and superior measure of whether Christ incarnate in us correctly characterises the successful and effective pastor. That pastoral conviction and action is essential to true discipleship to God is exemplified through a description of Paul the pastor-apostle. This essence of true discipleship emerges after examination of linguistic material available on the subject; for example, lexicon, commentaries, theological dictionaries and the theological methodology employed. Without denying the advantages brought to human living, the negative impact of globalisation and of pastoral thought and actions are discussed. Investigation into certain of the current practices of pastors and of what has confused and distorted humankind made in the Imago Dei indicates that the assumptions of this thesis are apt. Recommendations are provided to explain the transformation and reformation changes required to counter the potential danger inherent in the corruption of mankind made in the Image of God. Equally significant is the idea that it is the generous sharing of God in Christ and the power of the Spirit in His ministry to the world that form the highly valuable aspects of Pentecost and revival times, not the disciple's effort. Finding is achieved by revisiting these times and by analysis of the literary contributions employed in these two events: Pentecost and revival times. The resultant contributions are integrated into the ongoing development of the Central Theoretical Argument in order to indicate that pastoral ministry effectiveness and success are dependent on the works of the Spirit in continue Furthermore, examination is undertaken of the concepts and models of contemporary scholars who have contributed to the idea of the final restoration of the church and believers and to the idea of the 'very good' of humankind being created in the Image of God and for the glory of Jesus Christ. The ultimate, God's reign and our acknowledgement that our chief purpose is to glorify our Creator, imply our understanding of the nature of pastoral effectiveness in globalisation. The inquiry concludes with the assertion that Jesus Christ, incarnate in us, effects successful ministry and that this is how we become promising pastors who will globalise and become globalising Images of Christ in a rapidly changing world. Findings in this research are considered within the framework of a fresh and comprehensive formulation of pastoral ministry. A concise model is presented in the unique proposal of this research: pastoral ministry is most effective when rooted in the Imago Dei / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, in association with Greenwich School of Theology, U.K., 2009.

In recent years, Pastoral leadership has been in crisis as a result of globalisation and its far reaching effects. Added to this is the stereotypical, social image of the word 'pastor' and what it takes to be considered successful in ministry. Related to these factors, the key problem that stands out in this research is that pastoral ministry has been governed by success and of the wrong kind: consumerism and relevance. The objective of this research is to examine the concept of pastoral ministry effectiveness. New Testament texts, and not excluding contributions from the Old Testament, indicate models of pastoral ministry that support the need to redefine and refine our understanding of pastoral leadership effectiveness in ministry in the face of globalisation. In order to accomplish this study, the central theological argument was that pastoral ministry is most effective in a global society when it is rooted in the Imago Dei. The questions raised are: What is the doctrine of the Imago Dei? What role might it play in a concept of pastoral effectiveness now? The importance of the Christian faith and core beliefs cannot be ignored, in particular that we are created in the Image of God. On the fundamental basis of Christ's events it is argued that unless pastors internalise the teachings and examples of Imago Christi by the works of the Holy Spirit in continua, pastoral ministry is not only ineffective but is also a misrepresentation of the theological aspect and also, a distortion of the historical literature of humankind. A precise meaning is sorely needed of what it is to be successful as a pastor, of the limits of human capacity and of the fallen nature and redeemed status of humankind. On this topic, it is posited that the pastor who is set apart by God to shepherd His sheep according to what Jesus Christ has shown and done, is a proper and superior measure of whether Christ incarnate in us correctly characterises the successful and effective pastor. That pastoral conviction and action is essential to true discipleship to God is exemplified through a description of Paul the pastor-apostle. This essence of true discipleship emerges after examination of linguistic material available on the subject; for example, lexicon, commentaries, theological dictionaries and the theological methodology employed. Without denying the advantages brought to human living, the negative impact of globalisation and of pastoral thought and actions are discussed. Investigation into certain of the current practices of pastors and of what has confused and distorted humankind made in the Imago Dei indicates that the assumptions of this thesis are apt. Recommendations are provided to explain the transformation and reformation changes required to counter the potential danger inherent in the corruption of mankind made in the Image of God. Equally significant is the idea that it is the generous sharing of God in Christ and the power of the Spirit in His ministry to the world that form the highly valuable aspects of Pentecost and revival times, not the disciple's effort. Finding is achieved by revisiting these times and by analysis of the literary contributions employed in these two events: Pentecost and revival times. The resultant contributions are integrated into the ongoing development of the Central Theoretical Argument in order to indicate that pastoral ministry effectiveness and success are dependent on the works of the Spirit in continue Furthermore, examination is undertaken of the concepts and models of contemporary scholars who have contributed to the idea of the final restoration of the church and believers and to the idea of the 'very good' of humankind being created in the Image of God and for the glory of Jesus Christ. The ultimate, God's reign and our acknowledgement that our chief purpose is to glorify our Creator, imply our understanding of the nature of pastoral effectiveness in globalisation. The inquiry concludes with the assertion that Jesus Christ, incarnate in us, effects successful ministry and that this is how we become promising pastors who will globalise and become globalising Images of Christ in a rapidly changing world. Findings in this research are considered within the framework of a fresh and comprehensive formulation of pastoral ministry. A concise model is presented in the unique proposal of this research: pastoral ministry is most effective when rooted in the Imago Dei / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, in association with Greenwich School of Theology, U.K., 2009.

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