Magister Scientiae - MSc (Pharmacy Administration and Policy Regulation) / Aim: The purpose of this research was to assess the validity of pharmacoeconomic evaluation in Egypt three years after the guideline was issued and analyse challenges and opportunities for improvement. Objectives: To conduct a literature review of pricing, medicine reimbursement, and pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Examine, in conjunction with relevant stakeholders, the progress of the pharmacoeconomic evaluation. To present examples of pharmacoeconomic evaluation deployment. To propose recommendations on how to optimize the pharmacoeconomic implementation. Methods: A literature review and a qualitative research method that was conducted using a semi-structured interview with stakeholders of the reimbursement process in Egypt. In addition, examples were analysed to determine the impact of pharmacoeconomic methods on medicine reimbursement in Egypt. Results: The Egyptian Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Unit was established in 2013, it supports various reimbursement decisions, especially for new technologies. The unit evaluations depended mainly on the available international data. However, fragmentation of the health care system in Egypt is a major obstacle to progress. The guidelines are still non-compulsory for implementation, and accordingly some reimbursement committees do not consider its evaluation in its decision making. Conclusion and Recommendations: The pharmacoeconomic evaluation has demonstrated a good start in Egypt. To gain the full benefit of pharmacoeconomic evaluation, authorities need to consider reducing the complexity of health care system, setting clear strategies, building capabilities to improve pharmacoeconomic awareness; endorsing risk sharing strategy and building a proper health related information system along with creation of full Health Technology Assessment program. The above-mentioned recommendations could be associated together under the Universal Health Coverage road map that Egypt committed to achieve by 2030.

Este trabalho se propõe a uma releitura da atual concepção do Direito Processual do Trabalho, seus institutos, princípios e regras. A partir da constatação da autonomia do processo do trabalho e da inaptidão de seus mecanismos para a realização dos direitos materiais subjacentes, passam a ser diagnosticados fatores que o distanciam dos valores constitucionais e das garantias processuais fundamentais reconhecidas nos textos supranacionais, para a construção de principiologia própria e coerente com a Teoria Geral do Processo. Destacadas as seis garantias processuais fundamentais, quais sejam (i) tribunal competente; (ii) acesso à justiça; (iii) órgão julgador imparcial; (iv) ampla possibilidade de participação no processo; (v) prazo razoável e (vi) efetividade da decisão, cada uma passa a ser apresentada inicialmente sob uma ótica abstrata e geral, para, em seguida, serem considerados os pontos em que se chocam com as práticas processuais trabalhistas. Sobre tais premissas são desenvolvidas teses em prol da construção de um justo processo do trabalho. / This paper proposes a rereading of the current vision of the Labour Procedure Law, its institutions, principles and rules. From the finding of the autonomy of the labour procedure and the inability of their mechanisms for the achievement of the underlying material rights, are being diagnosed factors that sets it apart from the constitutional values and fundamental judicial guarantees recognized in the supranationals texts, for the construction of proper and coherent principles considering the General Theory of Procedure. Highlighted the six fundamental procedural guarantees, which are (i) the competent court, (ii) access to justice, (iii) impartial judging body, (iv) wide possibility to participate in the process, (v) term reasonable and (vi) effectiveness of the decision, each one becomes to be initially presented by an abstract and general optics, for then consider the points that clash with the labor court procedures. On such assumptions are developed theses in favor of building a fair procedure work.

Este trabalho se propõe a uma releitura da atual concepção do Direito Processual do Trabalho, seus institutos, princípios e regras. A partir da constatação da autonomia do processo do trabalho e da inaptidão de seus mecanismos para a realização dos direitos materiais subjacentes, passam a ser diagnosticados fatores que o distanciam dos valores constitucionais e das garantias processuais fundamentais reconhecidas nos textos supranacionais, para a construção de principiologia própria e coerente com a Teoria Geral do Processo. Destacadas as seis garantias processuais fundamentais, quais sejam (i) tribunal competente; (ii) acesso à justiça; (iii) órgão julgador imparcial; (iv) ampla possibilidade de participação no processo; (v) prazo razoável e (vi) efetividade da decisão, cada uma passa a ser apresentada inicialmente sob uma ótica abstrata e geral, para, em seguida, serem considerados os pontos em que se chocam com as práticas processuais trabalhistas. Sobre tais premissas são desenvolvidas teses em prol da construção de um justo processo do trabalho. / This paper proposes a rereading of the current vision of the Labour Procedure Law, its institutions, principles and rules. From the finding of the autonomy of the labour procedure and the inability of their mechanisms for the achievement of the underlying material rights, are being diagnosed factors that sets it apart from the constitutional values and fundamental judicial guarantees recognized in the supranationals texts, for the construction of proper and coherent principles considering the General Theory of Procedure. Highlighted the six fundamental procedural guarantees, which are (i) the competent court, (ii) access to justice, (iii) impartial judging body, (iv) wide possibility to participate in the process, (v) term reasonable and (vi) effectiveness of the decision, each one becomes to be initially presented by an abstract and general optics, for then consider the points that clash with the labor court procedures. On such assumptions are developed theses in favor of building a fair procedure work.