<p>In 1817, the then fourteen-year old bank, Malmö diskont, was the target of a bank run and the bank had to close. It had already been put under government control, due to mismanagement in the last few years of its existence. At the time, Malmö diskont was one of three privately owned banks and all three had to close as a result of a loss of confidence and bank runs also on the other two banks. Thus, private banks, with their roots in the 18th century disappeared, with noticeable economic repercussions. Although there was an unofficial credit market, consisting of the merchants and private bankers, (in addition to the government-owned Riksens Ständers Bank) it took a long time to restore confidence in privately owned commercial banks.</p><p> This Licentiate thesis deals with this financial crisis in Sweden in 1817. The purpose is to describe this crisis from an institutional perspective and incorporate both formal and informal institutions to help explain why this crisis occurred. The basic assumption is that institutions both set the limits for individuals’ actions and sometimes direct them towards actions. The research questions were aimed at answering what institutions existed, to analyze the qualitative aspects of the institutions and try to answer how they may have influenced the actions of the Malmö diskont management. The results show that institutions at the time both influenced and paved the way for the dubious management of the bank in its last years. Sometimes, institutions widened the perceived area of discretion; at others, it curtailed the freedom of action to such an extent that the rules of the institutional framework became virtually unmanageable. The broader contribution of my research is to add to the theory of financial crises, how both explicit and implicit rules of the game contribute to crises.</p>

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The world of 1975 was different the one of 2013 because of profound and big political, economic and technological changes. The food availability increased due to changes in production and distribution which made them more accessible and, because of that, the consumption of food in Kcal per capita increased in all countries.Urbanization and technological changes also contributed to the development of a sedentary lifestyle and to the development of a food industry ready to satisfy the necessities of a constantly growing urban population thru palatable and ready to eat products.This thesis analyses the relationship between economic growth and the increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity during the period of 1975-2013 at a global level and studies the driving economic factors behind that development.

Uppsatsen kartlägger Stekenjokkgruvans historiska utveckling utifrån en politisk beslutsprocessmodell. Undersökningsperioden tar start redan vid upptäckten av Stekenjokkmalmen år 1918 men uppsatsen fokuserar främst på det tidiga 70-talet, då Stekenjokkgruvan blev en politisk fråga, fram till gruvans nedläggning i november 1988. Idag har Stekenjokkgruvan åter blivit aktuell eftersom ett gruvbolag vill återuppta gruvdriften i området. Utgångspunkten är att problematisera vad staten hade för motiv att investera i Stekenjokkgruvan utifrån en Industrial policy-ansats. Uppsatsen återspeglar även processerna i Stekenjokkfrågan med Stålverk 80 som var en annan samtida statlig industriinvestering.  Detta för att stärka bilden av hur beslutsprocessen gick till vid statliga industriinvesteringar under 70-talet och för att fånga upp vilka faktorer som påverkade beslutet. I denna uppsats dras slutsatsen att statens ingripande i Stekenjokkgruvan kan förklaras av det tidiga 70-talets regionalpolitiska målsättning. Politiken inriktades mot att minska den dåvarande utflyttningstrenden från landsbygden, genom att skapa sysselsättning i form av industrisatsningar i framförallt Norrland. Staten hade även starka samhällsekonomiska skäl att investera i Stekenjokkgruvan. Stålverk 80 kunde även motiveras av liknande anledningar men med skillnad att Stålverk 80 förväntades vara ett mycket företagsekonomiskt lönsamt projekt som till och med skulle förbättra den svenska handelsbalansen.

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