Although there are different HEV configurations, they are all based on same kinds of components. After introducing the main components HEVs use, we build up a model which can illustrate the basic idea of HEVs. The analysis of the model helps us to reveal the essential problem of HEV power control. The performance of a HEV depends not only on the individual components but also on how the components are coordinated. The power control system must determine operating points for the components during driving to save energy. The proposed power control approach is based on model predictive control and trying to solve the nature problem of HEV power control by an optimization concept, which makes the approach applicable for all kinds of HEVs. A number of different simulations have been executed to prove the feasibility of the approach. By changing some operational weights, the power control system can achieve different performances. / Another key concept adopted in the power control system is based on the premise that future driving load would affect fuel consumption, as well as the operating modes of the vehicle and the driver behavior do. The proposed power control approach incorporates a driving load forecasting algorithm whose role is to assess the driving environment, the driving style of the driver, and the trend of the vehicle using long and short term statistical features of the past drive cycle. This future driving load information is subsequently used to change the operational weights of the power control approach, such as engine efficiency, battery State of Charge (SOC), engine speed, etc. By this way, the power control approach leads to improved the vehicle's overall performance. / One of the major crises that the world is facing today is the problems of energy. With the beneficial effect on the environment and high energy transformation efficiency in hybrid electric vehicle technology, automobile manufacturers have begun to look more seriously into vehicles with alternative power sources. Aimed at solving the more and more serious problems of energy, HEV has been one of the best practical applications for transportation with high fuel economy. / This dissertation proposes a new power control approach for all kinds of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). / To obtain better performance, we use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find optimal weights for different drive loads. Then, by integrating MPC controller and load forecasting algorithm, a realtime HEV power control system, model predictive power control with load forecasting system (MPC-LF), is developed. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the control system. / Wang, Zhancheng. / Adviser: Xu Yangsheng. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3631. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

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Several new nonlinear algorithms for speed control of electrical drives are developed. They are compared with the algorithms for integral-proportional (I-P) control, sliding mode control (SLM) and adaptive control which uses the torque and parameter observer. To achieve fast and robust response, all algorithms use very large gains. In a new, variable limit PI (VLPI) control algorithm, integrator windup is completely prevented by using a high gain, "variable dead zone" nonlinearity as a local feedback over the integrator. Recently proposed soft variable structure (SVS) control, derived by using the Liapunov direct method, is modified so that the algorithm can be implemented with only the output measurements. Proper operation is achieved for any value of the output variable. The new control is very robust, but exhibits a steady state error. Two versions of the adaptive PI (API) control algorithm are developed that have fast and robust transient response with zero steady state error. The SVS API version operates similarly as the modified SVS control, but does not have its drawbacks. The SLM API version operates like the SLM control during large transients, and like VLPI control when close to the steady state. The local stability of the control is proved using the "small gain theorem". Its global behavior is analyzed by describing functions. Very good operation of the SVS API speed control within the proportional position loop is demonstrated. Faster transient response is achieved by implementing the SLM adaptive proportional control in the position loop. The operation is the same as the operation of the SLM API control in the speed loop. Similarity between modified SVS control, and classical adaptive algorithms is shown. API control, All the algorithms are simulated and compared for twofold and tenfold changes in plant parameters. The experimental verification of the results for I-P control, SLM control, and modified SVS control, are presented. Theory of the new algorithms is general, such that the results are applicable to any SISO plant that can be stabilized. / Ph. D.

Orientador: Franco Giuseppe Dedini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T17:46:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LudmilaCorreaAlkmine_D.pdf: 6413492 bytes, checksum: 8a07a3a7a3d0737b4eb13c9f02f909e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi estudada a modelagem do contato roda-piso e a teoria de controle de uma cadeira de rodas. Logo, para complementar os testes e estudos, foi desenvolvido um laboratório virtual objetivando o estudo da dinâmica veicular e da modelagem do contato roda-piso. Esse laboratório, criado em programas multicorpos como o Working Model 2D ® e o MSC Adams?, foi usado para a visualização do comportamento dinâmico de uma cadeira de rodas em diversas situações. Nesta aplicação, observa-se que as características dos pneus são alguns dos parâmetros mais importantes da modelagem do contato roda-piso de um veículo. Deste modo, para a obtenção desses parâmetros foi construída uma bancada experimental. Esta bancada experimental é constituída basicamente de uma mesa fixada por células de cargas e uma estrutura onde a roda é presa. Vários testes experimentais foram propostos e os parâmetros, ou seja, as características do pneu foram levantados, implementados e comparados entre si, através de imagens e gráficos. Para o estudo da teoria de controle, foi construído um protótipo funcional de uma cadeira de rodas motorizada no qual o principal objetivo é seguir uma linha desenhada no chão. A utilização de sensores, microcontroladores e estratégias de controle foram necessárias a fim de atingir este alvo. Diferentes tipos de controle robusto foram simulados levando em consideração as características do pneu e o controlador PID foi implementado no protótipo funcional apresentando resultado satisfatórios ao seguir uma trilha desenhada no chão / Abstract: In this work was studied the model of the contact between the tire and the ground and the control theory of a wheelchair. Thus, for the tests and studies was developed a virtual laboratory for the dynamic vehicle and the contact between tire and ground model. This laboratory was created in a multibody program as Working Model 2D® and MSC Adams®, also was used to visualize the dynamic behavior of a wheelchair in various situations. The characteristics of tires are the most important parameters of the contact between ground and tire, so for that an experimental device was built. This test rig consists basically of a table fixed by the load cells and a structure where the wheel is attached. Several experimental tests have been proposed and the parameters or the characteristics of a tire were investigated, compared and implemented with each other by images and graphs. For the control theory was built a prototype of a electric wheelchair in which the main objective is to follow a path drawn on the floor. For this goal was necessary to use sensors, microcontrollers and control strategies as a PID / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This research proposes state-of-the-art multilevel converter topologies and their modulation strategies, the implementation of a conventional flying-capacitor converter topology up to four-level, and a new four-level flying-capacitor H-Bridge converter confi guration. The three phase version of this proposed four-level flying-capacitor H-Bridge converter is given as well in this study. The highlighted advantages of the proposed converter are as following: (1) the same blocking voltage for all switches employed in the con figuration, (2) no capacitor midpoint connection is needed, (3) reduced number of passive elements as compared to the conventional solution, (4) reduced total dc source value by comparison with the conventional topology. The proposed four-level capacitor-clamped H-Bridge converter can be utilized as a multilevel inverter application in an electri fied railway system, or in hybrid electric vehicles. In addition to the implementation of the proposed topology in this research, its experimental setup has been designed to validate the simulation results of the given converter topologies.