京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第21385号 / エネ博第373号 / 新制||エネ||73(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 手塚 哲央, 教授 下田 宏, 准教授 MCLELLAN,Benjamin / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

As the world is increasingly dependent on energy for the economic and social development and China’s Total Net Electricity Generation （TNEG） has remained the highest since 1996 due to its rapid economic growth, it is important to closely examine the operations of China’s electric power market, particularly the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) since it is the largest Electric Power Grid Operator (EPGO) in both China and the world. This research has addressed the problem and the urgent needs for the development of a sound framework and methodology for the effective regulation and optimization of the operations and quality management of the SGCC. Based on the critical literature review, the aspects and steps of the solution to the problem have been progressively presented. Firstly, a Country Wealth (CW) curve has been developed to characterize electricity generation in terms of TNEG, with China’s unique position identified. Further, the data has clearly indicated that China’s TNEG has also been closely correlated with the economic growth and the carbon emissions during the 30 years period of 1980-2010. Secondly, compared with the Equilibrium Energy Regulation Model, there are clear deficiencies and problems with the current regulation of China’s electric power market. The improvements in the integration of regulation strategies and the formation of one single effective regulator have been identified and proposed. Thirdly, a uniform regulation structure and framework based on fractal theory and QFD (quality function deployment) has been developed to integrate the existing and future electric power strategies, including smart grid strategy and sustainable development strategy(etc.). Through the use of QFD, the EPGO (SGCC) functions and operations can be prioritized and appropriately designed. Finally, the QFD methodology has been extended to achieve the optimization of quality and service operations given the target cost of the business processes. The methodology can be applied to both business and technical processes of the EPGOs since quality may be interpreted as a total quality involving the needs and expectations of various customers or stakeholders.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2017-12-21T11:52:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luisguilherrmedasilvacosta.pdf: 2910682 bytes, checksum: da61cee3e668dc7356aa3ab54ff0c28c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T11:58:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luisguilherrmedasilvacosta.pdf: 2910682 bytes, checksum: da61cee3e668dc7356aa3ab54ff0c28c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T11:58:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luisguilherrmedasilvacosta.pdf: 2910682 bytes, checksum: da61cee3e668dc7356aa3ab54ff0c28c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Esta tese de doutorado apresenta, inicialmente, uma revisão sobre acopladores para power line communication (PLC), utilizados para acoplar o sinal dos transceptores PLC à rede de energia elétrica. As questões predominantes para o projeto de acopladores e, consequentemente, os diferentes tipos de acopladores são discutidos. Uma classificação dos acopladores PLC baseada nos tipos de acoplamentos (capacitivo, indutivo, resistivo e por antenas), níveis de tensão, largura de banda de frequência, modos de propagação e números de conexões com a rede de energia elétrica é apresentada. Em seguida, o projeto de circuitos PLC de acoplamento capacitivo não adaptativos, single input single output (SISO) de baixa tensão para aplicações banda larga e banda estreita são discutidos. O acoplador PLC banda estreita é projetado para a banda de frequência de 9 kHz-500 kHz, enquanto os acopladores banda larga são projetados para a banda de frequência de 1.7-50 MHz, 1.7-100 MHz e 1.7-500 MHz. Além disso, discute-se as especificações e o projeto dos protótipos desses circuitos de acoplamento PLC medindo seus parâmetros de espalhamento. A seguir, é discutida a medida da impedância de acesso da rede de energia elétrica de baixa tensão na banda de frequência 2- 500 MHz, visando apresentar prévio conhecimento da impedância de acesso da rede de energia elétrica no Brasil com base em uma campanha de medição realizada em várias instalações em três cidades brasileiras diferentes. Além disso, é proposto um procedimento para obter um modelo estatístico da impedância de acesso na referida faixa de frequência. Com base em uma série de medidas de impedâncias de acesso da rede de energia elétrica e critérios para a escolha de modelos estatísticos, esta tese sugere duas distribuições para modelar as componentes resistência e reatância da impedância de acesso da rede de energia elétrica. Uma vez que, os parâmetros de tais modelos mudam com a frequência e que a impedância de acesso é um processo aleatório no domínio da frequência, um modelo simples para gerar amostras em função desse processo aleatório, que leva em consideração as distribuições sugeridas, é detalhado. Por fim, é proposto um circuito de acoplamento adaptativo PLC, capacitivo, SISO de baixa tensão. Estes circuitos de acoplamento adaptativos usam três diferentes filtros analógicos passa-baixa com diferentes impedâncias de entrada. A impedância de entrada de cada filtro analógico é projetado de acordo com os valores obtidos através da campanha de medição, e a impedância de saída é projetada para 50 Ω. A escolha do filtro analógico que proporciona melhor casamento de impedância com a rede de energia elétrica é obtido por um microcontrolador, que através de um conversor analógico digital, monitora a tensão fornecida por um circuito que mede a potência dos sinais injetados nos acopladores PLC pelos transceptores PLC. A monitoração da potência é realizada continuamente pelo conversor analógico digital do microcontrolador que escolhe qual o filtro analógico proporciona o melhor casamento de impedância com a rede de energia elétrica e comuta os filtros analógicos através de uma chave de analógica conectando os transceptores PLC a rede de energia elétrica através dos acopladores PLC. Além disso, as medições dos valores do parâmetro de espalhamento S11 confirmam que a componente resistiva da impedância de acesso da rede de energia elétrica apresentou melhor casamento de impedância entre 50 Ω e 100 Ω. Por fim, os valores medidos do parâmetro de espalhamento S12 mostram que a atenuação cresce com o aumento da frequência devido ao comportamento indutivo da rede de energia elétrica. / This work outlines a comprehensive review of PLC coupling circuits, which are required for narrowband and broadband PLC transceivers. Prevailing issues that protract the design of couplers and consequently subtended the inventions of different types of couplers are clearly described. Also, it provides a useful classification of PLC couplers based on the type of physical couplings, voltage levels, frequency bandwidth, propagation modes and a number of connections. Next, the focus is on the design of non-adaptive capacitive, SISO and low-voltage (LV) PLC coupling circuits for both broadband and narrowband applications. The narrowband cover the frequency band 9 kHz-500 kHz, while broadband frequency bands are 1.7-50MHz, 1.7-100MHz and 1.7- 500 MHz. Moreover, it discusses the specification and design of the prototypes of the PLC coupling circuits measuring their scattering parameters. The access impedance of Brazilian in-home, broadband and low-voltage electric power grid in the frequency band 2-500 MHz is taken into account. Based on the use of a measurement setup a large measurement campaign that was carried out in several facilities in three different Brazilian cities is discussed. Also, a procedure to obtain a statistical model of the access impedance in the aforementioned broadband frequency is outlined. Based on a number of measured access impedances and well-known criteria for choosing statistical models, two distributions to model the resistance and reactance components of the access impedance are suggested. Due to the fact that the parameters of such models change with the frequency and the access impedance is a random process in the frequency domain, a simple and effective model to generate samples function of such random process, which takes into account the suggested distributions, is addressed. Finally, adaptive capacitive, SISO and LV PLC coupling circuits are proposed for broadband power line communication. These adaptive coupling circuits use three different analog low-pass filter for impedance matching. This filter is an array of analog low-pass irregular filters that separate the input and output signal into three analog low-pass filters, each one matching the impedance between the electric power grid and PLC transceiver. The input impedance of each filter has a different impedance value, chosen according to the impedance of the measurement campaign, and the output impedance is fixed in 50 Ω for all analog low-pass filter. The choice of the analog filter that provides better impedance matching to the electrical power grid is obtained by a microcontroller, which through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), measure the voltage provided by a circuit that measures the power of the signals injected into the PLC coupling circuit by the PLC transceivers. The power is continuously measured by an ADC of the microcontroller which chooses which analog filter provides the best impedance matching with the electric power grid and switches the analog filters through an analog switcher connecting the PLC transceivers to the electric power grid through the PLC coupling circuit. In addition, the measured values of the scattering parameter S11 show that the best impedance matching occurs when the resistive impedance component of the access impedance is between 50 Ω and 100 Ω . For the scattering parameter S12 it has been found that the attenuation increases as the frequency increases because of the inductive behavior of the electric power grid.

The necessity to incorporate renewable energy systems into existing electric power grid and need of efficient utilization of electrical energy are growing every day. A shunt connected Voltage Source Inverter(VSI) capable of bidirectional power flow and fast control has become one of the building block to address such requirements. However with growing number of grid connected VSI, new requirements related to harmonic injection, higher overall efficiency and better performances during short term grid disturbances have emerged as challenges. For this purpose a grid connected three phase four wire VSI with LCL filter can be considered as a general module to study different control approaches and system behavior under ideal and non-ideal grid conditions. This work focuses on achieving enhanced performance by analyzing effect of non-ideal conditions on system level and relating it to individual control blocks. In this work a phase locked loop structure has been proposed which is capable of extracting positive sequence fundamental phase information under non-ideal grid conditions. It can also be used in a single phase system without any structural modification. The current control for the three phase four wire VSI system has been implemented using Proportional Resonant (PR) controller in a per phase basis in stationary reference frame. A simplified controller design procedure based on asymptotic representation of the system transfer function is proposed. Using this method expressions for controller gains can be derived. A common mode model of the inverter system has been derived for low frequencies. Using this model a controller is designed to mitigate DC bus imbalance caused by sensor and ADC channel offsets. A multi-rate approach for digital implementation of PR controller with low resource consumption, that is suitable for an FPGA like digital controller ,is proposed. This multi-rate method can maintain resonance frequency accuracy even at low sampling frequency and can easily be frequency adaptive. Anti-wind up methods for PI controller have been studied to find suitable anti-wind up methods for PR controller. The tracking anti-wind up method is shown to be suitable for use with a PR controller. The effectiveness of this method under sudden disconnection and reconnection of VSI from grid is experimentally verified. A resonant integrator based second order filter is shown to be useful for active damping of LCL filter resonance with a wide range of grid inductance variation. The proposed method utilizes the LCL filter capacitor voltage to estimate resonance frequency current. Suitability of fundamental current PR controller for active damping alone, and with the proposed method show the superiority of the proposed method especially for low switching frequencies. Design oriented analysis of the above topics are included in the thesis. The theoretical understandings developed have been verified through experiments in the laboratory and can be readily implemented in industrial power electronic systems.