Orientador: Maria Cristina Dias Tavares / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T17:05:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElgueraFlores_AlexanderVladimir_M.pdf: 2442597 bytes, checksum: c3718bb5135d22cdcdf2a22c0c313ed1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: É usual utilizar a transposição das fases nas linhas de transmissão com o intuito de diminuir o desequilíbrio de tensão e corrente existente. Na freqüência fundamental uma linha de transmissão pode ser considerada idealmente transposta, mas normalmente nos estudos de transitórios eletromagnéticos e nos estudos de qualidade de energia as linhas também são representadas como se fossem idealmente transpostas. Para freqüência fundamental é adequado tratar uma linha como idealmente transposta, mas isto não pode ser generalizado para toda a gama de freqüência dos fenômenos transitórios. No presente trabalho foi analisado o erro de se tratar uma linha como idealmente transposta para toda a faixa de freqüências, especificamente até 10 kHz. Uma análise teórica foi implementada identificando o desequilíbrio entre as fases considerando uma linha idealmente transposta e considerando uma linha com trechos de transposição real. A dependência da freqüência dos parâmetros elétricos da linha de transmissão foi adequadamente representada / Abstract: It is usual to use the phase transposition in transmission line aiming to decrease the existing voltage and current unbalance. In fundamental frequency a transmission line can be considered ideally transposed, but normally in the electromagnetic transients and quality energy studies the lines also are represented as if they were ideally transposed. For fundamental frequency it is correct to treat a line as ideally transposed, but this cannot be generalized for the entire frequency range of transient phenomena. In the present work it was analyzed the error of treating transmission line as ideally transposed for all frequency range, specifically up to 10 kHz. A theoretical analysis was implemented identifying the unbalances between the phases considering the transmission line ideally transposed and considering the transmission line with its actual transposition sections. The frequency dependence of transmission line parameters was properly represented. / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Maria Cristina Dias Tavares / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T10:45:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maciel_RenandePaula_M.pdf: 20862313 bytes, checksum: 8d33d7f791ddf8189e35795948116d81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho é proposto um método de otimização para maximizar a potência característica de linhas de transmissão constituída por condutores em feixe. O método iterativo, baseado na minimização pelo gradiente, altera, a cada passo, a posição dos condutores dada na silhueta da torre construindo uma nova configuração dos feixes. Tal configuração corresponde a uma pequena modificação dos feixes deslocando os condutores na direção que leva à máxima redução da função objetivo. São avaliadas a redução da impedância característica e a otimização do campo elétrico superficial. A primeira busca o aumento da potência característica atuando diretamente no caminho de máxima redução da impedância característica. A segunda atua na uniformização do campo elétrico superficial dos condutores, cujo valor limite representa a principal restrição eletromagnética frente à elevação da potência característica na concepção de linhas de transmissão. A última se mostrou predominante, resultando em linhas otimizadas com maior potência característica, porém, levando a feixes com dimensões mais elevadas / Abstract: This work presents an optimization method aiming to maximize the surge impedance loading of bundled transmission lines. The iterative method, based on gradient optimization, changes, on each step, the conductors position generating a new bundle configuration. Such configuration matches a small change on bundles geometry by shifting conductors on the direction that leads to the maximum reduction of the objective function. Both the reduction of natural impedance and the optimization of conductor¿s superficial electric field are evaluated. The former seeks the increase of surge impedance loading actuating directly on the maximal surge impedance reduction path. The second acts on the uniformization of conductor¿s superficial electric field, whose upper bound is the main electromagnetic restriction on the surge impedance loading increase when conceiving transmission lines. The last one was most effective, resulting in greatest natural power transmission lines, yet, leading to most expanded bundles / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

M.Phil. / Nearly every reference document, national and international standard, text book or web page discussing the topic of Power Quality has an introduction that refers to the demand from customers and regulators for better and more detailed reporting from electrical power utilities with regards power quality. Previously power quality was an internal utility measure with no external input. Today contracts are negotiated with customers and limits are set by regulators with regards Power Quality objectives. Current assessment methods defined in various international guidelines and standards recommend that for a “high percentage” of the assessment period, the measured performance must remain below specified levels (“compatibility levels” or contracted levels). In the case of NRS048-2:2008 the assessment criterion for voltage harmonics and voltage unbalance is based on 95% of the time and 95% of the space for an assessment period of 1 week, and that for voltage magnitude is based on 95% of the time and 95% of the space, with the additional requirement that no two consecutive values exceed the specified levels. A statistical research study was undertaken to analyse the performance of the Eskom transmission system in order to determine the impact of using different assessment methods (100% of the week, 99% of the week, 95% of the day etc). This thesis will present the results of the analysis done on the data in the Quality of Supply database. The analysis will mainly focus on the voltage waveform parameters: harmonic THD; unbalance; and regulation as measured in the Eskom Quality of Supply database. The objective of this thesis is to determine how the current performance of an electrical transmission network is characterised by different assessment methods. This thesis makes a contribution to the current international debate on appropriate assessment criteria and the conditions (“normal” vs. “abnormal”) under which these would apply.

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Orientador: Francisco Villarreal Alvarado / Coorientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Banca: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Banca: Sérgio Azevedo de Oliveira / Banca: Carlos Roberto Mendonça da Rocha / Banca: Lina Paola Garces Negrete / Resumo: O problema de planejamento da expansão de sistemas de transmissão de energia elétrica a longo prazo é um importante problema de otimização do campo do planejamento de sistema elétricos de potência. Trata-se de um problema cujo modelo matemático é um problema de programação não linear inteiro misto com a complexidade adicional de que é um problema não convexo e com característica de apresentar o fenômeno da explosão combinatória quando cresce as alternativas de expansão. O processo de resolução consiste basicamente nas escolhas de circuitos, dentro de um conjunto pré-definido, donde o candidato a ser incorporado ao sistema deverá apresentar resultados positivos no que tange a minimização do custo de investimento e operação e, além disso, deve atender a demanda de energia futura ao longo de um horizonte de planejamento com confiabilidade, assumindo como conhecido o plano de geração. Devido a complexidade do problema tem-se tentado aplicar todas as técnicas de otimização para auxiliar na tentativa de resolução. Sendo estas técnicas classificadas em três grandes grupos: técnicas de otimização clássica, técnicas heurísticas e técnicas metaheurísticas. Neste trabalho apresenta-se uma nova forma de resolução, oriunda do grupo , denominada Busca em vizinhança variável (VNS). O VNS é uma metaheurística recente que explora basicamente a ideia de mudança sistemática de estruturas de vizinhança no espaço de soluções durante o processo de busca para encontrar soluções ótimas locais e para sair desses ótimos locais. Esta técnica de solução oferece novas alternativas de solução, comparado com os diversos tipos de metaheurísticas já utilizadas na literatura, apresentando excelentes resultados com baixo esforço computacional. Os algoritmos utilizados são apresentados e detalhados a sua forma de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The expansion planning problem of the power electrical transmission system to long term is an important problem of optimization of power electrical system fields. It refers to a problem whose mathematical model is a non-linear whole mixed program problem with additional complexity is a non-convex problem and presents the feature of the combinatorial expansion when grows the expansion alternatives. The reduction process is just choices of circuits in a pre-defined array where the candidate, which should be incorporated to the system, should have positive minimization cost of investment and operation and should support the future energy demand along of a reliable horizon of planning to a known generation plan. In the past, many optimization methods were tested to search the best solution due the problem complexity. These methods can be classified by: classical optimization methods, heuristic methods and meta-heuristic methods. However, in this work is presented a new approach of solution based on the method of Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS). The VNS is a modern meta-heuristic uses a systematic change of neighborhood structures over solution space during the search procedure of optimal local solutions and to go out from local optimum. Thus, this approach provides new alternatives of solution in comparison with other meta-heuristic methods previously found at the literature. Additionally, the new approach presents excellent results with low computational cost. In summary, the used algorithms are showed and the adaptation mode to the planning problem of the power electrical transmission system is described. This adaptation considers two traditional mathematical models: Transport and DC models. Lastly, it was performed tests with the bars/paths IEEE system, the bars/paths south Brazilian system and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Rubén Augusto Romero Lázaro / Banca: Marina Lavorato de Oliveira / Banca: Antonio César Balleiro Alves / Resumo: A presente pesquisa considera a análise teórica e a implementação computacional do algoritmo Dual Simplex Canalizado especializado na reotimização eficiente dos subproblemas gerados pelo algoritmo Branch and Bound para resolver problemas de Programação Linear Inteiro Misto. Juntamente com estes algoritmos é implementado o algoritmo Primal Simplex Canalizado para resolver o problema de Programação Linear inicial resultante do problema Programação Linear Inteiro Misto após desconsiderar a restrição de integralidade das variáveis. Estes algoritmos, adequadamente analisados e sistematizados são implementados através da linguagem computacional FORTRAN 77 e empregados no Planejamento da Expansão de Sistemas Transmissão modelados através do Modelo de Transportes que resulta em um problema de Programação Linear Inteiro Misto. / Abstract: This research considers the theoretical analysis and computational implementation of the Dual Simplex algorithmfor Bounded Variables specializes in efficient re-optimization of sub-problems generated by the Branch and Bound algorithm to solve Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problems. Along with these algorithms has been implemented Primal Simplex algorithm for Bounded Variables to solve the initial Linear Programming problem result of a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problem after relaxing the integrality of the variables. These algorithms has been adequately analyzed and implemented via the computer language FORTRAN 77. The methodology has been tested on the Transmission Network Expansion Planning based on a transportation model that results in a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming. / Mestre

Orientador: Paula Ghedini Der Agopian / Coorientador: Afonso José do Prado / Banca: Afonso José do Prado / Banca: Elmer Mateus Gennaro / Banca: Luiz Fernando Bovolato / Resumo: Para a representação de linhas de transmissão em sistemas elétricos de potência, existem vários modelos que são usados, por exemplo, variáveis de estado e equações diferenciais. Esses modelos são incluídos em rotinas computacionais e utilizados em simulações numéricas de transitórios eletromagnéticos. A linha de transmissão utilizada é um circuito monofásico modelados por circuitos π, usando o modelo de variáveis de estado. Para testar os modelos é utilizada uma rotina numérica que combina o método Euler com o método de integração trapezoidal, resultando em um algoritmo simplificado, sendo capaz de simular transitórios eletromagnéticos em redes e de obter resultados com precisão satisfatória. Três modelos são analisados: modelo utilizando matriz de grande ordem, matriz de ordem dois e o modelos utilizando variáveis independentes. Neste trabalho será discutido e analisado a diferença entre os três modelos propostos e a maneira como as variáveis de estado são atualizadas para simular a propagação de um fenômeno transitório em uma linha de transmissão. Aplicando o mesmo método de integração há diferenças significativas nos resultados obtidos utilizando variáveis independentes: redução das oscilações numéricas com uma quantidade menor de circuitos π e redução do tempo computacional. A rotina baseada em atualização independente das variáveis de estado, apresenta modelagem simples, sem inversões de matrizes e matrizes esparsas. (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: For the representation of transmission lines in electrical power systems, there are several models that are used, for example, state variables and differential equations. These models are included in computational routines and used in numerical simulationsof electromagnetic transients. The transmission lines used are a single phase circuit modeled by πcircuits, using the state variable model. To test the models, a numerical routine that combines the Euler method with the trapezoidal integration method is used, resulting in a simplified algorithm, capable of simulating electromagnetic transients in networks and obtaining results with satisfactory accuracy. Three models are analyzed: model using large order matrix, order two matrix and model using independent variables. In this work will be discuss and analyze the difference between the three proposed models and the way state variables are updated to simulate the propagation of a transient phenomenon in a transmission line. Applying the same integration method there are significant differences in the results obtained using independent variables: numerical oscillationsreduction with a smaller number of π circuits and computational timereduction.The routine based on independent update of state variables, presents simple modeling, without inversions of sparse matrices. (Complete abstract electronic access below) / Mestre

With an increasing number of regulatory and economic factors making the operation of power systems more challenging, utilities must take full advantage of technological advances which allow more flexibility for operation. One of these advances is the combination of power electronic controllers and compensation devices known as F1exible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) technology. This thesis will examine the ability of FACTS technology to improve dynamic stability when controlled with data obtained from another recent advancement, phasor measurement units (PMUs). Based on an overview of the relative capabilities of presently available FACTS devices, a specific device will be chosen to be modeled in a dynamic stability study. Eigenvalue sensitivity analysis will be used to determine the optimal placement for this FACTS device in regards to stability for a test power system. Then a state space model will be developed for the FACTS compensated test system, and eigenvalue sensitivity and time-domain methods will be used to determine the optimal controller characteristics for the modeled FACTS device. Stability results will be verified using eigenvalue analysis and time simulation techniques. / Master of Science

The electric power policies in Nigeria and South Africa are considered the governments’ intention to provide quality and affordable electricity to the people. A comparative study on the electric power policies focuses on the similarities and differences in the policy approaches, the policy issues that affect electrification, and the impact of the policy issues in achieving the goal of universal access to quality and affordable electricity power in both countries. The methodological approach allows for an in depth textual study on the electric power policy documents in both countries. In Nigeria, the government intends to address the massive demand-supply imbalance and achieve the goal of electrification through reforms that focus on private sector-led growth in the sub-sector. In South Africa, the identification of electrification as a public problem by the post apartheid government leads to an integrated policy framework that focuses on balancing economic concerns with social and environmental considerations. The study identifies electricity provision as a social welfare responsibility of the governments in both countries and examines the policy issues in the context of public welfare. In Nigeria, the policy issues are found to be self serving and not in line with sustainable public interest, given the socio-economic challenges. As a result they, exert less impact on achieving the goal of universal access to quality and affordable electricity in the country. In South Africa, good governance in the sub-sector has enabled the identification of policy issues in line with sustainable public interests of social equity, poverty alleviation and environmental sustainability; and government using public administration agencies to play a key role in service delivery. Recommendations of the study mainly derive from the South African experience on electrification, and are intended to offer some policy-lessons to Nigeria in the sub-sector. The study contributes to new knowledge in the discipline of public administration by opening up new vistas for a comparative analysis of electric power policy issues in both countries in the context of public welfare. Besides, a comparative study on electrification in Nigeria and South Africa from a policy angle contributes to the existing knowledge base in the discipline.

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