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<p> The energy and power used at various areas like households and industries is increasing gradually due to many reasons and there is a need to sustain it. This project introduces a method to reduce the energy used in a household by considering the energy sources and the amount of energy used by the appliances concurrently. Modules are used to measure and check the energy utilized by the appliances using ZigBee. Energy is generated on a conventional basis using three sources: solar panel, wind mill and conventional power. An inverter and a battery are used to connect these sources to a grid. When a device is connected, the units of power consumed are computed and shown on the LCD using LPC2148 microcontroller. The output of the battery is connected to the controller, which shows the voltage of the battery and also selects the best source to be used. Modules use a 5V supply and the controller uses 3.3V power supply. Voltage is controlled with the help of a 7805 voltage regulator and the output of transformer is revised by a rectifier.</p>

<p> As a functionalized pentacene, 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene (TIPS pentacene) is a p-type organic semiconductor with remarkable intrinsic charge carrier transport and stability in ambient conditions. TIPS pentacene is soluble in most organic solvents, making it solution processable. TIPS pentacene, nonetheless, inherently forms acutely anisotropic crystals with large gaps in between the crystals, limiting charge transport and leading to vast variations in organic thin film transistor (OTFT) performance. Described in this dissertation are crystal growth techniques implemented to overcome these challenges. The presented temperature gradient technique, achieves highly aligned crystal arrays with excellent areal coverage which essentially results in an enhanced OTFT performance. The technique is firstly utilized to guide the TIPS pentacene crystal growth. An application of a temperature gradient to a TIPS pentacene solution controls the crystallization process to alleviate the intrinsic crystal misorientation and considerably improve film morphology. Employing this method resulted in TIPS pentacene films with uniform crystal orientations and extensive areal coverage. The favorable crystal morphology gave rise to a significant enhancement in OTFT average mobility compared to OTFTs without the temperature gradient. Employing the temperature gradient technique, however, simultaneously introduced thermal cracks in the films due to the occurrence of thermally induced stress during crystallization, which reduced the device performance of the TIPS pentacene OTFTs. To further improve the performance of TIPS pentacene based OTFTs, TIPS pentacene was blended with polymers to relieve the thermal stress and effectively prevent the generation of thermal cracks. Structural examination of, specifically, TIPS pentacene/Poly(?-methyl styrene) (P?MS) blend films at an optimal weight ratio, revealed a vertical phase segregation with elevated concentrations of TIPS pentacene molecules at the active layer/gate dielectric interface, facilitating charge transport. Thus, OTFTs based on TIPS pentacene/P?MS blends exhibited a dramatic increase in average hole mobility compared to those of pristine TIPS pentacene. In addition, an improved thin film uniformity directly enhanced the device performance consistency. Following the success of employing the temperature gradient technique concurrently with the insulating polymer, P?MS, studies were extended to build OTFTs on flexible substrates, indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET), to dramatically improve TIPS pentacene/P?MS system. Ultimately, TIPS pentacene/P?MS OTFTs on ITO/PET substrates demonstrated the highest achieved mobility from utilizing the temperature gradient system.</p>

<p> The SIUe solar car team lacks a competitive communication system. To enable the competitive edge a major upgrade to the electronics and wiring was required. A new maximum power point tracker and driver support system was developed to give them the competitive edge.</p>