Recozimentos realizados nos aços elétricos semiprocessados pelos fabricantes de motores sem um controle adequado da descarbonetação pode resultar em regiões das läminas com pequeno tamanho de grão e consequentemente aumento das perdas magnéticas com queda no rendimento dos motores elétricos. A maioria dos fabricantes de motores nacionais utilizam este tipo de aço e fazem internamente o recozimento final em fornos contínuos com atmosfera à base de nitrogênio com cerca de 5 a 10% de H2 e uma pequena fração de vapor dágua suficiente para gerar uma atmosfera que reaja com o carbono do aço, removendo-o. Caso esta descarbonetação não seja realizada com êxito há uma perda significativa no rendimento do motor pela aumento das perdas magnéticas. Amostras comerciais de diferentes aços com variados teores de carbono foram selecionadas para avaliar a influência do teor de carbono, do grau de redução, do tempo e da atmosfera do forno no aumento do tamanho de grão e nas perdas magnéticas. Foram realizados recozimentos a vácuo e em atmosfera descarbonetante. Medições de perdas magnéticas e do tamanho de grão além da avaliação da microestrutura foram efetuados para determinar esta influência. Foi verificado que no recozimento a vácuo, mesmo em variados graus de deformação, amostras com o teor de carbono inicial maior que 300 ppm, tiveram um significativo atraso no aumento do tamanho de grão. Nas situações em que não ocorreu significativo aumento do TG as perdas magnéticas apresentaram valores altos e 9 indesejáveis. Por outro lado amostras isentas de deformação não apresentaram aumento significativo do tamanho de grão mesmo com descarbonetação durante o recozimento. Foi verificado ainda que a formação de grãos colunares ocorre em faixas de deformação específicas, em recozimentos com descarbonetação para aços com mais de 300 ppm de carbono e onde haja um rápido aquecimento da amostra até a temperatura de recozimento. / Annealing applied by the motors plants that are made on the semi processed electrical steels without an exact and precisious control of the decarburization on the lamination can brings undesirable results on the grain size coarsening and as a result an increasing on the core losses with a significant depreciation on the efficiency of the electrical motors. Most of the domestic motors fabrics make use of this kind of electrical steel and they do on their process the final annealing on continuous furnaces with atmospheres based on nitrogenium with around 5 until 10% of hidrogeniun and a little fraction of water vapor enough to generate an atmosphere that reacts to the carbon from the steel, eliminating it. If this decarburization is not been made sucessfully there will be an effective loss on the motor efficiency due the incresing on the core losses. Commercial samples from different steels with several carbon contents were choosen to evaluate the influence of carbon content, strain grade, time and furnace atmosphere on the grain size coarsening and core losses. It was effetived vacumn and decarburizing annealing. Core losses and grain size measurements were made in addition to the evaluation of the microstructure to determine this influence. It was verified that on the vacumn annealing, even on differents strain reductions grades, the samples with initial carbon content bigger than 300 ppm, had a meaninfull late on the grain size increase. On the situation that do not occurred a significative increase on the grain size the core losses presented undesirable high values. On the other hand samples without strain did not presented a significative increase on the grain size even with decarburization during the annealing. It was still verified that the columnar grain formation occur on specific strain grades, on decarburizing annealing and to more than 300 ppm carbon content steels. In addition where there is a fast heating rate until the annealing temperature.

Recozimentos realizados nos aços elétricos semiprocessados pelos fabricantes de motores sem um controle adequado da descarbonetação pode resultar em regiões das läminas com pequeno tamanho de grão e consequentemente aumento das perdas magnéticas com queda no rendimento dos motores elétricos. A maioria dos fabricantes de motores nacionais utilizam este tipo de aço e fazem internamente o recozimento final em fornos contínuos com atmosfera à base de nitrogênio com cerca de 5 a 10% de H2 e uma pequena fração de vapor dágua suficiente para gerar uma atmosfera que reaja com o carbono do aço, removendo-o. Caso esta descarbonetação não seja realizada com êxito há uma perda significativa no rendimento do motor pela aumento das perdas magnéticas. Amostras comerciais de diferentes aços com variados teores de carbono foram selecionadas para avaliar a influência do teor de carbono, do grau de redução, do tempo e da atmosfera do forno no aumento do tamanho de grão e nas perdas magnéticas. Foram realizados recozimentos a vácuo e em atmosfera descarbonetante. Medições de perdas magnéticas e do tamanho de grão além da avaliação da microestrutura foram efetuados para determinar esta influência. Foi verificado que no recozimento a vácuo, mesmo em variados graus de deformação, amostras com o teor de carbono inicial maior que 300 ppm, tiveram um significativo atraso no aumento do tamanho de grão. Nas situações em que não ocorreu significativo aumento do TG as perdas magnéticas apresentaram valores altos e 9 indesejáveis. Por outro lado amostras isentas de deformação não apresentaram aumento significativo do tamanho de grão mesmo com descarbonetação durante o recozimento. Foi verificado ainda que a formação de grãos colunares ocorre em faixas de deformação específicas, em recozimentos com descarbonetação para aços com mais de 300 ppm de carbono e onde haja um rápido aquecimento da amostra até a temperatura de recozimento. / Annealing applied by the motors plants that are made on the semi processed electrical steels without an exact and precisious control of the decarburization on the lamination can brings undesirable results on the grain size coarsening and as a result an increasing on the core losses with a significant depreciation on the efficiency of the electrical motors. Most of the domestic motors fabrics make use of this kind of electrical steel and they do on their process the final annealing on continuous furnaces with atmospheres based on nitrogenium with around 5 until 10% of hidrogeniun and a little fraction of water vapor enough to generate an atmosphere that reacts to the carbon from the steel, eliminating it. If this decarburization is not been made sucessfully there will be an effective loss on the motor efficiency due the incresing on the core losses. Commercial samples from different steels with several carbon contents were choosen to evaluate the influence of carbon content, strain grade, time and furnace atmosphere on the grain size coarsening and core losses. It was effetived vacumn and decarburizing annealing. Core losses and grain size measurements were made in addition to the evaluation of the microstructure to determine this influence. It was verified that on the vacumn annealing, even on differents strain reductions grades, the samples with initial carbon content bigger than 300 ppm, had a meaninfull late on the grain size increase. On the situation that do not occurred a significative increase on the grain size the core losses presented undesirable high values. On the other hand samples without strain did not presented a significative increase on the grain size even with decarburization during the annealing. It was still verified that the columnar grain formation occur on specific strain grades, on decarburizing annealing and to more than 300 ppm carbon content steels. In addition where there is a fast heating rate until the annealing temperature.

<p>    </p> <p>Electrical steels are one type of soft magnetic material. They are based on Fe-Si alloys and are widely used for magnetic cores in transformers and electric motors. It is well known that Fe- 6.5Si wt% is the most efficient composition; however, at such a high silicon concentration (6.5wt.% = 12.1 at.% Si in Fe), the poor workability of the alloy makes it unacceptable for industrial production via conventional sheet steel rolling processes. This problem was approached in two different ways. First, a machining-based approach that suppresses the mechanisms that lead to cracking during conventional rolling was implemented for processing of thin metal strips. Two related machining-based sheet production technologies called free machining (FM), and hybrid cutting extrusion (HCE) were used to produce strips of high resistivity electrical steel. The maximum strip width achieved was 50 mm, and it was produced with a combination of FM and light rolling with a surface roughness comparable to cold-rolled sheet surfaces. Second, a new experimental alloy Fe-4Si-4Cr wt% was developed with improved magnetic properties compared to ~ Fe-3.2Si wt% and outstanding workability. Results report that the new experimental alloy has an electrical resistivity of 85 ± 3 𝜇Ω ∙ 𝑐𝑚 which is higher than Fe-6.5%Si. Also, the results on the Fe-4Si-4Cr workability show that this new alloy can withstand 75% cold-rolled reduction. The magnetic properties characterization was done via standard stacked toroid testing, and results show that Fe-4Si-4Cr experimental alloy exhibits excellent magnetic performance with a reduction in core losses of 33% at 400 Hz compared to commercial alloys with ~ Fe-3.2Si wt%. Recrystallization kinetics and texture evolution in the experimental alloy were evaluated for traditionally rolled and machining-based samples. Results were used to construct annealing maps. These maps represent the stages of the annealing process for a range of temperature versus time conditions, i.e., the annealing maps are a graphical summary showing the different stages of the annealing process for the Fe-4Si-4Cr experimental alloy in the two conditions. Despite the significant differences in the deformation texture of the two conditions, the recrystallization kinetics were similar. Finally, the two conditions retained the as-deformed texture in the intermediate annealing but to a lesser degree after completing a full anneal. In the case of the rolled sample, it is possible to trace the original texture fibers (γ-fiber, the partial α-fiber, and the θ -fiber) in the fully annealed data, but the texture intensity is just 2.5 mrd. On the other hand, the texture of the fully annealed HCE sample changes as compared to the as-deformed condition, located close to (110)[112] with a surprisingly strong peak of ~ 25 mrd. </p>