No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The objective of this study was to determine how a new experimental methodology for measuring Total-Harmonic-Distortion (THD) of operational amplifiers functioned when compared with two standard methodologies, and whether the new methodology offers any improvement in noise floor and dynamic range along with distortion canceling of the sine-wave source used in the testing. The new methodology (THD) is being tested against two standard methodologies: Spectral Analysis using a tuned receiver type Spectrum Analyzer with Notch Filter pre-processing, and a digitized Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) using Notch Filter pre-processing. The THD results appear to agree across all methodologies, and across all items of the sample within all methodologies, to within a percent or less. The distortion and noise canceling feature of the new methodology appeared to function as expected and in accordance with theory. The sample tested in the study consisted of thirty-five NE5534 operational amplifiers produced by Texas Instruments, Inc. and purchased from a local store. The NE5534 is a low-noise, low-distortion, operational amplifier that is widely used in industry and is representative of today's best audio amplifiers.

This thesis presents the design and analysis of photo-electro catalytic oxidation technology for its potential use in water treatment applications. Doping titanium dioxide can effectively improve oxidative reactions. Using minute reactor design adjustments, such as electrolysis, the bases of degrading soluble organic compounds can be improved within the reactor. Applications of doping and secondary catalysis are effective in increasing the process of photoactivity within the catalytic reactor, theoretically increasing the production of sacrificial electron acceptors. Higher degradation's were accomplished using doped chromium titanium dioxide photocatalyst, which degraded significantly larger amounts of organics compared with pure titanium dioxide. Techniques used to accomplish the increased photo-reactivity were doping chromium (III) ion into titanium dioxide crystal lattices and silver ions into the photocatalytic coat. Degradation curves were determined by total organic carbon and the chemical oxygen demand. Calculations of the final rate constants show that lighter molar concentrations have higher rates of degradation.

Essa dissertação tem o objetivo de analisar a complexidade do vínculo entre as indústrias eletrointensivas e o setor elétrico brasileiro, depois da década de 70, buscando responder à pergunta formulada no próprio título. 0 consumo de energia elétrica nas indústrias eletrointensivas teve um peso significativo na estrutura do consumo industrial, motivando análise por se tratar de um segmento industrial com demanda elevada de energia elétrica, exigindo consequentemente crescentes investimentos no setor de energia elétrica. Para efeito de análise, o trabalho está dividido em duas partes: a primeira aborda as questões relativas às indústrias eletrointensivas; a segunda analisa a indústria do alumínio primário brasileiro, simulando o cálculo do valor aproximado da \"perda potencial de receita\" do setor elétrico, ao fornecer energia elétrica com tarefas especiais para as duas empresas localizadas na região norte do país. Ao enfocar a implantação das duas indústrias de alumínio primário na região norte, o objetivo foi de mostrar um exemplo de decisão governamental que favoreceu investimentos pesados no Setor Elétrico, sem levar em conta o seu próprio planejamento. É bem verdade que a própria configuração do setor favoreceu esse tipo de decisão. A crise macroeconômica, que marcou a década de 80, provocou tanto a estagnação na produção e a retração do mercado interno, como o esgotamento na capacidade de financiamento do setor de energia elétrica. As indústrias de bens intermediários, como as eletrointensivas, conseguiram sobreviver graças ao mercado externo, ganhando competitividade mesmo com perda do dinamismo econômico. Num contexto de redefinição do papel do Estado, em que faltam recursos para o setor elétrico ampliar seus parque de origem hidráulica, é necessário analisar como se deu o vínculo entre o consumo de energia elétrica e as indústrias de bens intermediários, buscando respostas às necessidades do momento atual. / The aim of this study is to verify the amount of subsidie given by the electricity sector to Northern Region, as well as, the brazilian\'s option of the electricityintensive, mainly in the aluminium industry. In 1995, the Brazilian Primary Aluminium Industry consumed 18.189,5 GWh of electrical energy to produce 1188,2 thousands tons. Its growth occured after the establishment of the projects Albras and Alumar, in the Northern Region of Brazil. These two projects pay \"special tariffs\" for the electricity consumed which is generated by the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant in the State of Pará, for 20 years. When the Brazilien Government decided to build the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant, it did not take into account the criterion of lower cost projects. It has started giving incentives and allowing tariff discounts to new projects which aimed at exploring mineral reserves located in the Northern Region. The establishment of Primary Aluminium Industries in the Northern Region are typical examples of industrial policy decision, favouring heavy investments in the electricity sector without a coordinated process in its decision.

This thesis explores the following questions: What is the influence of algorithmic software on the composition process? How can spectromorphologies be manipulated in search of coherent and lucid coupling in electro-instrumental (EI) music? What are the practical implications of the performance of EI music? This thesis will unfold practicalities, creative approaches, and new directions for the practice of EI music, drawing together spectromorphological theory and instrumental techniques. Framed around a body of work for solo instrument/ensemble with computer, I will assess each aspect of my musical process. Musical vocabularies, grammatical organisation and collaborative performance practices will be discussed. Specifically, my research breaks down components of composition into context, materials and an attempt towards categorisation and grammatical organisation including spectral and algorithmic techniques. With the knowledge that the computer has influence on the music making process, I identify and discuss some of its key contributions. Additionally, knowing that the tools and spaces that facilitate performance also impact the music, I seek to understand how these tools and environments contribute in order to get the best musical responses from them. Collaboration is a key theme, and throughout the thesis I pay attention to performer presence in the music making process. This thesis should be read in conjunction with my submitted portfolio for relevant case studies and musical examples.