The location of accessory pathways in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome patients is performed manually during open heart surgery at Groote Schuur Hospital, using a hand-held roving electrode. This manual procedure is slow and tedious, prolonging the operation and the time for which the patient remains on cardiac bypass. A multichannel electrogram acquisition and display system with a storage facility would significantly reduce the time taken and improve the reliability of locating the accessory pathways. Having considered a number of currently available cardiac mapping systems it was decided that a new system be developed for specific application within Groote Schuur Hospital. The main design goals of this system are to improve accuracy, increase reliability and enhance the speed of the entire mapping procedure with direct benefit to staff and patients. The system is based on an IBM compatible computer and allows for the acquisition of a maximum of thirty-two electrogram inputs. A typical configuration would acquire twenty epicardial, two references (one each from atrium and ventricle), one roving electrode and two surface lead signals. The epicardial signals are obtained from a custom-built electrode belt which is placed around the heart over the atrioventricular groove. The project includes the development of front-end hardware and software for processing, display and storage of electrogram signals. The relative activation times of the signals are displayed under software control in order to facilitate the location of any accessory pathway(s).

by Hung King Fai Kevin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-85 (2nd gp.)). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / 摘要 --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- OBJECTIVES --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- NEED FOR PATIENT-MONITORING SYSTEM --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Aging Population --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Increasing Population with Heart Diseases --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- ECG BASICS --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- EXISITING ECG-MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- CHALLENGES IN PATIENT-MONITORING --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6 --- DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECG-MONITORING SYSTEM --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Overall Structure --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Considerations --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- EMI FILTERS IN ECG ACQUISITION CIRCUIT --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- OVERVIEW OF NOISE SOURCES IN ECG ACQUISITION --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Other Biopotentials --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Motion Artifact --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Power-line Interference --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- High-Frequency Electromagnetic Interference --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2 --- EMI FILTERS --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Introduction to EMI Filters --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Types of EMI Filter --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- EMI Filters in ECG Monitoring --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- MODELING OF INTERFERENCE IN ECG-MONITORING SYSTEM --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Model and Parameters --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Method --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Results --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Discussion --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4 --- BUILDING AN ECG ACQUISITION CIRCUIT WITH EMI FILTERS --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Purpose --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Experimental Setup and Method --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Results --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Discussion --- p.46 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- ADAPTIVE FILTER --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1 --- OBJECTIVE --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- INTRODUCTION TO ADAPTIVE FILTER --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3 --- METHOD --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4 --- RESULTS --- p.52 / Chapter 3.5 --- DISCUSSION --- p.57 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- WAP-BASED TELEMEDICINE APPLICATIONS --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- INTRODUCTION TO TELEMEDICINE --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- INTRODUCTION TO WAP --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3 --- WAP APPLICATIONS --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4 --- SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Overall Structure --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Relational Database --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Program Flow --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- ECG Browsing and Feature Extraction --- p.70 / Chapter 4.5 --- EMULATION --- p.72 / Chapter 4.6 --- EXPERIENCE WITH WAP PHONE --- p.74 / Chapter 4.7 --- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION --- p.75 / Chapter CHAPTER 5: --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1 --- CONCLUSION --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2 --- FUTURE WORK --- p.77 / Chapter 5.3 --- MARKET ANALYSIS --- p.79 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.80

by Leung Sze-wing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-84). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.II / ABSTRACT --- p.III / 摘要 --- p.V / CONTENTS --- p.VI / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Prevalence of Heart Diseases --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Importance of ECG Monitoring --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Wireless Electrode --- p.2 / Chapter 1.5 --- Analogue-to-Digital Converters --- p.3 / Chapter 1.6 --- Organization of Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Telemetry --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Definitions of ""Telemetry “" --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Advantages of Telemetry --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- History of Telemetry --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Special Considerations on Telemetry System --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sigma-Delta Converter --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Conventional Digitizing Circuitry --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- "Single, Dual-Slope A/D Converters" --- p.13 / Single-Slope A/D Converter --- p.13 / Dual-Slope Converter --- p.75 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Successive Approximation (SAR) --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Flash Converters --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Sigma-Delta Converter --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Conclusion --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- WIRELESS ELECTRODE --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- """Single Electrode"" Measurement" --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- VSE (Virtual Single Electrode) --- p.21 / Concentric Electrode --- p.21 / Chapter 3.3 --- WE (Wireless Electrode) --- p.24 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.29 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- SIGMA-DELTA CONVERTER FOR ECG SIGNALS --- p.30 / Chapter 4.1 --- Motivations --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2 --- Baseband Application --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Simulation Results --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Experimental Results --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3 --- Wireless Application --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- General Description --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Simulation Results --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Scenario 1 (Analogue Decoding) --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Scenario II (Digital Decoding) --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion and Conclusion --- p.76 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1 --- General Conclus ion --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2 --- Future Work --- p.78 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.79 / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.85