The application of textile electrodes has been widely studied for biopotential recordings,especially for monitoring cardiac activity. Commercially available applications, such as theAdistar T-shirt and the Numetrex Cardioshirt, have shown good performance for heart ratemonitoring and are available worldwide.Textile technology can also be used for electrical bioimpedance (EBI) spectroscopymeasurements in home and personalized health monitoring applications, however solid basicresearch about the measurement performance of the electrodes must be performed prior to thedevelopment of any textile-enabled EBI application.This research work studies the performance of EBI spectroscopy measurements whenperformed with textile electrodes. An analysis using an electrical circuit equivalent model andexperimental data obtained with the Impedimed spectrometer SFB7 was carried out. Theexperimental study focused on EBI spectroscopy measurements obtained with different types oftextile electrodes and in different measurement scenarios. The equivalent model analysis focusedon the influence of the electrode polarization impedance Zep on the EBI spectroscopymeasurements in the frequency range of 3 kHz to 500 kHz.The analysis of the obtained complex EBI spectra shows that the measurements obtainedwith textile electrodes produce constant and reliable EBI spectra. The results also indicate theimportance of the skin-electrode interface in EBI spectroscopy measurement.Textile technology, if successfully integrated, may enable the performance of EBIspectroscopy measurements in new scenarios, which would allow the generation of novel,wearable, or textile-enabled applications for home and personal health monitoring / <p>Thesis Supervisors: Kaj Lindecrantz and Fernando Seoane</p><p><b>Sponsorship</b>:</p><p>Mexican CONACYT</p>

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

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Resumo: Eletrodos laminares de Ir ou Pt-Ir(30%) foram empregados como substratos para deposição eletroquímica de Hg, a partir de soluções contendo íons Hg(I), e remoção deste Hg por meio de voltametria cíclica (VC) ou térmica (termogravimetria / termogravimetria derivada - TG/DTG e calorimetria exploratória diferencial - DSC). A superfície dos eletrodos foi caracterizada empregando-se as técnicas complementares de análise: microscopia eletrônica de varredura (imagens SEM, microanálise por EDX e mapas de distribuição de elementos), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (imagens TEM, microanálise por EDX e difração de elétrons), difratometria de raios X (XRD) e espectroscopia fotoeletrônica de raios X (XPS). Os voltamogramas cíclicos obtidos para o sistema Ir/Hg mostram até 3 picos na região de varredura de potenciais decrescentes, que foram atribuídos a: deposição de Hg em regime de subpotencial (UPD); deposição de Hg volumétrico, e redução de óxidos. A curva de I-E para a varredura de potenciais crescentes mostra até 6 picos, dependendo do tratamento empregado, que foram atribuídos a: oxidação de Hg volumétrico a Hg(I); oxidação de Hg(I) a Hg(II); oxidação de Hg presente no filme sobre a superfície do substrato a Hg(II); oxidação de Hg presente na sub-superfície do eletrodo a Hg(II); formação de óxidos. Os voltamogramas cíclicos obtidos para o sistema Pt-Ir(30%)/Hg mostram até 4 picos na varredura de potenciais decrescentes, que foram atribuídos a: deposição de Hg em regime de subpotencial (UPD) e redução de óxidos, concomitantemente; deposição eletroquímica de Hg volumétrico, e formação de produtos de interação Hg-substrato. Na varredura de potenciais crescentes a curva I-E mostra até 6 picos, dependendo do tratamento empregado, atribuídos a: oxidação de Hg volumétrico a Hg(I); oxidação...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Laminar electrodes of Ir or Pt-(30%)Ir were used as substrates for electrodeposition of Hg from Hg(I)-containing solutions, and Hg removal, using cyclic voltammetry (CV) or thermal analysis (thermogravimetry / derivated thermogravimetry - TG/DTG and differential scanning calorimetry- DSC). The electrode surface was characterized using complementary techniques for surface analysis: scanning electron microscopy (SEM images, EDX microanalysis and mapping of elements), transmission electron microscopy (TEM images, EDX microanalysis and electron diffraction), X ray diffratometry (XRD) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cyclic voltammograms of the Ir/Hg system shows at least 3 peaks in the cathodic potential scan, which were attributed to: underpotential deposition of Hg (UPD); bulk Hg deposition, and; reduction of oxides. In the anodic potential scan up to 6 peaks can be observed (depending on the treatment used), which were attributed to: bulk Hg oxidation to Hg(I); oxidation of Hg(I) to Hg(II); oxidation of Hg film formed on the substrate surface to Hg(II); oxidation of Hg from the sub-surface to Hg(II); the formation of oxides. The cyclic voltammograms obtained for the Pt-(30%)Ir/Hg system show up to 4 peaks in the cathodic potential scan, which were attributed to: underpotential deposition of Hg (UPD) and the reduction of oxides, concomitantly; bulk Hg deposition, and; the formation of products of Hg-substrate interaction. In the anodic potential scan up to 6 peaks could be recorded (depending on the electrode treatment), which were attributed to: bulk Hg oxidation to Hg(I); oxidation of Hg film from the substrate surface to Hg(II); the formation of oxides and decomposition of intermetallic compounds formed by Hg-substrate interactions, and Hg removal from substrate and decomposition of Pt/Hg intermetallic compounds. The Hg was also deposited at an open-circuit potential...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Assis Vicente Benedetti / Coorientador: Fernando Luis Fertonani / Banca: Luis Alberto Avaca / Banca: Nelson Ramos Stradiotto / Banca: Jivaldo do Rosário Matos / Banca: Zeki Naal / Doutor

Orientador: Maria Valnice Boldrin / Banca: Raquel Fernandes Pupo Nogueira / Banca: Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza / Banca: Paulo Olivi / Banca: Claudia Longo / Resumo: Nos anos mais recentes, o uso indiscriminado de corantes para tintura de cabelo tem despertado grande atenção em virtude de alguns aspectos toxicológicos e mutagênicos. Os efluentes provenientes de salões de beleza e esgotos domésticos quando não convenientemente tratados podem atingir estações de tratamento de água e mananciais, levantando preocupações com a saúde humana e proteção ambiental. O presente trabalho explora novos materiais a serem utilizados em tratamentos de efluentes contaminados por corantes de cabelo por técnicas fotocatalítica e fotoeletrocatalítica. Dentro deste contexto, investigou-se a síntese do eletrodo de Ti/TiO2 através do método sol-gel, e dos eletrodos de W/WO3 e W/WO3/TiO2, utilizando-se métodos eletroquímicos, visando ampliar a faixa de utilização destes eletrodos para a fotoexcitação na região do visível. Estes eletrodos foram caracterizados e aplicados na oxidação fotoeletrocatalítica e fotocatalítica dos corantes básicos de cabelo vermelho básico 51(VB51), marrom básico 16(MB16) e azul básico 99(AB99) presentes em formulações comerciais de tintura temporária e semi permanente. Para isto testou-se os processos sob irradiação nas regiões do ultravioleta e visível visando melhorar a eficiência destes processos e aproveitamento da luz solar. Utilizando-se concentração de 3,33x10-5 mol L-1 do corante em Na2SO4 0,10 mol L-1 pH= 2,0 sob densidade de corrente [ I ]= 1,25 mA cm-2 observa-se 100% de descoloração e 88% de remoção de COT para tratamento por oxidação fotoeletrocatalítica do corante VB51, sob radiação visível. No fotoanodo de W/WO3 observou-se 100% de remoção da cor e 83% de remoção de COT. O método foi testado para os corantes de cabelo MB16 e AB99 e, observou-se 100% de descoloração com 55% e 43% de remoção de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In recent years, the indiscriminate use of dyes for hair dye has attracted great attention due to some toxicological and mutagenic aspects. As a result the effluent from beauty salons and domestic sewages when not properly treated can reach water treatment plants and water sources, raising concerns about human health and environmental protection. This work explores new materials to be used in the treatment of effluents contaminated with dyes hair for photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic techniques. Within this context, we investigated the synthesis of the Ti/TiO2 electrode through the sol-gel method, and the W/WO3 and W/WO3/TiO2 electrodes, using electrochemical methods in order to extend the range of use of these electrodes for photoexcitation in the visible region. These electrodes were characterized and applied in the photoeletrocatalytic and photocatalytic oxidation of basic hair dyes Basic Red 51(VB51), Basic Brown 16(MB16) and Basic Blue 99(AB99) present in commercial formulations of temporary and semipermanent dyeing. For this purpose, the processes were tested under irradiation in ultraviolet and visible regions, aiming to improve their efficiency to use on sunlight. Using 3.33 × 10 -5 mol L-1 dye solution in 0.10 mol L-1 Na2SO4 pH = 2.0 under current density [I] = 1.25 mA cm-2 shows 100% bleaching and 88% TOC removal for treatment by photoeletrocatalytic oxidation of the VB51 dye under visible irradiation. In W/WO3 photoanode showed 100% color removal and 83% TOC removal. The method was also tested for hair MB16 and AB99 dye, exhibiting 100% of discoloration with 55.37% and 43.11% TOC removal for W/WO3/TiO2 photoanode, and 100% and 75% of discoloration with 49% and 34% TOC removal for AB99 and MB16 dyes, respectively. The materials efficiency was also evaluated under UV irradiation and 100% of discoloration was obtained for the W/WO3/TiO2 photoanode... (Complete abstract click electronic a / Doutor