The purpose of this research was to experience firsthand how the integration of global learning and 21st century skills would logistically work, and what the experience would be like both for the teacher and for the students involved. The research was conducted in an urban middle school in a classroom void of curricular standards, and without mandated assessments. This narrative inquiry has two parallel strands; that of the researcher/teacher, and the stories of the students told by the researcher. Through the combined stories themes of teacher transformation, new teacher-student relationships, and global awareness both for the teacher/researcher and students begin to emerge. / Thesis [M.Ed.] - Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction

In 1985 the Parents’ Music Resource Center, an organization concerned over a perceived increase of offensive content in Rock and Roll music, prompted a United States Senate hearing to discuss this issue as well as make suggestions for countering Rock music’s negative influence. This thesis argues that the Rock music debate instigated by the PMRC served as a culminating event in the history of Rock and Roll. This examination of Rock and Roll reveals how controversial themes in the music have led to opposition from other segments of society. Rebelliousness, sexuality, and religion appear throughout Rock and Roll’s history as a driving force of controversial cultural expression. The PMRC and the Senate hearing are important because they continued this trend and created a forum where all those themes could be discussed together. It was an ultimate debate of free expression versus public decency. The most essential source used was the hearing transcript. It outlined the debate and proposed solutions from both sides. Industry magazines such as Rolling Stone and Billboard also covered the progress of the PMRC and the public debate in great detail. Listening to the music under debate was also worthwhile for understanding the references and accusations made against specific Rock and Roll artists. Initially, the conclusions show that free speech won. Legislation censoring Rock music was never passed. The PMRC, however, greatly contributed to parental awareness concerning the type of music being released. Record companies made some voluntary concessions, including a warning label, and both artists and record companies became more aware that much of their success depended on their marketability to young people and their parents. The hearing was thus a pivotal point in which the creativity of the music was saved, while at the same time potentially indecent music was kept in check through the free flow of information and market forces. More important, however, is the conclusion that the hearing was a culminating event in that for the first time it brought to the public’s attention all those trends that had been prevalent throughout the history of Rock and Roll. / Thesis [M.Ed.] - Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Dept. of History / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-117)

Several endo- and exo- cyclophanes of various annulus sizes have been synthesized in the past without the benefit of a template and yields were considered moderate to good. The yields of the exo- cyclophanes were better than the endo- due to “self templating”. Wishing to improve yields of the endo- cyclophanes, we have incorporated into its synthetic scheme a porphyrin as a template to direct the macrocycle’s formation. Incorporating a [2+2] synthetic scheme, half of the cyclophane is synthesized by reacting two equivalents of 2-bromoanisole and one equivalent of 1,3-alkyldiol bistosylate through a high yield Grignard reaction coupled by our copper catalyst. The para positions of the bis-anisole are then functionalized to protect the para position from a Claisen rearrangement later in the scheme and also to allow flexibility for elaboration once finished. The bis-phenol is deprotected from the bis-anisole. The newly exposed phenols are allylated and rearranged to give the bis-ortho elaborated bis-phenol. Using a tetra-alpha-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-aminophenyl)porphyrin as the basic scaffold, its amino groups were transformed into isocyanates. In situ, the isocyanates were reacted with our ortho-elaborated bis-phenol to rigidly secure two sides of the cyclophane to the porphyrin by way of the newly formed carbamate groups. The bisortho-olefins are then metathesised using Grubbs’ second generation catalyst furnishing the cyclophane ring. / Thesis [M.S.] - Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Dept. of Chemistry

The household division of labor and pay inequality between men and women is examined using the 2006 American Time Use Survey. There are three main theoretical perspectives to examine when discussing household division of labor and pay inequality between men and women. The individual model argues that an individual makes rational choices when investing in Human Capital, which directly affects their income. Structural theory states that the position that an individual occupies determines the income and reward that one receives. Gender theory states that gender is a process of devaluation and sorting that determines the type of jobs that one occupies and the income they receive. It is expected that and increase in household labor will result in a decrease in income. It is also expected that women will have lower income than men. An OLS regression analysis is performed. Women earn $60.40 less per week than men, net of other factors. Increased participation in household labor food preparation results in a slight decrease in income. However, this is only significant for women who receive a decrease in income of $26.62 per week. Policy implications are discussed, these include things such as encouraging women to further their education, reduce the inequality between jobs for men and women, enforcement of antidiscrimination laws based on marital status and an increase in family-friendly polices in the workplace. / Thesis [M.A.] - Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Dept. of Sociology

This research examined the relationship between deviance and academic performance by combining three components 1) individual factors, 2) school environmental factors, and 3) family factors, and how these three factors affect students test scores. The data used for this study was from The Education Longitudinal Study (ELS) base year of 2002. Mean Comparison Tests, and Ordinary Least Squares Regression analysis were conducted, and the result supported most of hypotheses in this study. / Thesis [M.A.] - Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Dept. of Sociology

Tandem mass spectrometry and collision-induced dissociation (CID) are the “workhorse” methods for protein identification in proteomics investigations. Recent studies have demonstrated significant differences in the CID spectra of Li⁺, Na⁺ and silver cationized peptides, particularly with respect to the preferred product ions. For example, the former produce primarily (bn+17+Li)⁺ while the latter preferentially generates (bn-1+Ag)⁺ species. To improve our understanding of peptide fragmentation in general, three separate studies were initiated. The objective of the first study was to determine the CID patterns for thallium (I) cationized peptides and compare them to those from Ag, Na, and protonated analogues. The goal was to determine whether thallium, which represents a monovalent cation of relative hardness that differs from that of the group I metals, would demonstrate reaction pathways similar to group (I) cations or Ag (I). CID results show that the tendency to produce (bn+17+Tl)⁺ or (bn-1+Tl)⁺ depended significantly on the peptide sequence. Also, the multi-stage CID of Tl⁺ cationized peptides fails in the determination of the peptide sequence. The second objective of this research was to determine the influence of a 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid (4AMBz) residue on the relative intensities of (b₃-1+cat)⁺ and (b₃+17+cat)⁺ fragment ions using tetrapeptides of the general formula A(4AMBz)AX and A(4AMBz)GX (where X = G, A, V). For Li⁺ and Na⁺ cationized versions of the peptides there was a significant increase in the intensity of (b₃-1+cat)⁺ for the peptides that contain the 4AMBz residue, and in some cases the complete elimination of the (b₃+17+cat)⁺ pathway. The influence of the 4AMBz residue is attributed to generation of a highly-conjugated oxazolinone species as (b₃-1+cat)⁺, which increases the stability of this product relative to the rival (b₃+17+cat)⁺ ion. This conclusion is supported by dissociation profiles, which suggest that the energetic requirements for generation of (b₃-1+cat)⁺ are significantly lower when the 4AMBz residue is positioned such that it should enhance formation of the conjugated oxazolinone. The objective of the third study was to determine the effect of the same residues on the formation of (b₃-1+cat)⁺ products from metal (Li⁺, Na⁺ and Ag⁺) cationized peptides. The larger amino acids suppress formation of b₃⁺ from protonated peptides with general sequence AAXG (where X=β-alanine, γ-aminobutyric acid or ε-aminocaproic acid), presumably due to the prohibitive effect of larger cyclic intermediates in the “oxazolone” pathway. However, abundant (b₃-1+cat)⁺ products are generated from metal cationized versions of AAXG. Using a group of deuterium-labeled and exchanged peptides, we found that formation of (b₃-1+cat)⁺ involves transfer of either amide or α-carbon position H atoms, and the tendency to transfer the atom from the α-carbon position increases with the size of the amino acid in position X. To account for the transfer of the H atom, a mechanism involving formation of a ketene product as (b₃-1+cat)⁺ is proposed. / Thesis [M.S.] - Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Dept. of Chemistry

This study gathered data on how teachers integrated instructional technology into the teaching of social studies to 11th grade students in a Midwestern urban high school. A questionnaire, interviews and observations were used to collect data for the study. Findings indicated that technology integration is a factor in the teaching of social studies in the school. The study showed that Internet research, video tape, overhead projectors and online learning were the favored form of technology integrated into classroom instruction. The study showed a need to provide pre-service and classroom teachers with training opportunities which emphasize technology integration. Teachers’ perceptions of technology integration and prior teaching experiences were two of the noted factors which influenced a teacher’s decision to integrate technology. / Thesis [M.Ed.] - Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction

The figuration of Janie in Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God is an undeniable contestation of gender oppression. The contours of previous criticism have mapped out various directions of arguments, some of which make feminism a sort of critical mantra of Hurston criticism. In spite of such existing claims that the novel challenges the premises of women’s oppression within the African American social milieu, a closer look at the text shows that critics have not exhausted all that needs to be said on this subject. This essay premises its argument on the assertion that Their Eyes protests entrenched patriarchy and middle class or bourgeois capitalism. These two ideologies dominate Janie’s grandmother’s mind, and compel her to teach the protagonist to submit and accept inferior gender status, hence affirming the argument that women as well as men contribute to the existing patriarchal order. Indoctrinated into this system by her grandmother, Janie experiences three marriages that make her realize that she can no longer live according to her grandmother’s wishes. Instead, she makes personal efforts to denounce capitalist patriarchy in order to live her life to the fullest. She explicitly tells her friend Pheoby, “Ah done lived Grandma’s way, now Ah means to live mine” (114). Janie’s process of self discovery brings to the surface complex gender oppression which cross the racial and class divide. My project will use radical feminist and Marxist feminist theories to look at Janie’s three oppressive marriages, her support at the trial from white women, and the feminist significance of the catastrophic hurricane at the end of the novel. This natural phenomenon, I intend to argue, is symbolic of a feminist, anti-capitalist revolt which powerfully articulates Marx’s theory with regards to capitalism’s appropriation of women and nature for purposes of exploitation. / Thesis ([M.A.] - Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Dept. of English

Households inform us about social relationships in ways public-centered research might exclude. Studies of non-elite settlements also bring attention to the rich diversity that characterized pre-Columbian society. Surprisingly little is known about Maya commoners despite the recent influx of studies that address the residential areas of sites. Even less work of this type has been done in southern Belize where Uxbenká, the site studied, is located. Uxbenká’s settlement system is characteristic of Maya sites, and includes residences, ancillary structures, burials, modified landscape features surrounding the household, and related gardens and agricultural areas. The 2007 excavations and analysis of this residential group settlement offer a fundamental component to our basic knowledge of the site. The excavations were conducted to assess the temporal occupation and functional use of space at one non-elite residential group (SG 21) at the site. The data collected are compared with other residential excavations and survey conducted at Uxbenká and with other sites in order to better assess the social variation of the site. Work at SG 21 aids in the development of a more comprehensive and contextual view of the occupation of Uxbenká. / Thesis (M.S.) - Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Science, Dept. of Anthropology

Research suggests much controversy exists in design and methodology of foreign language instruction. The purpose of this study was to understand if beginning level foreign language students acquire the language better with traditional methods of language instruction or with differentiated methods of language instruction. The study analyzed grammatical and communicative aspects in two classrooms of ten individuals using both teaching strategies. Subjects comprised various educational backgrounds, professions, gender, and race. Classes completed pre- and posttests, student learning surveys, and the instructor completed a professional journal. Findings confirmed both classrooms were successful in grammatical aspects of the language, but the differentiated classroom was more successful in communicative aspects of the language. / Thesis [M.Ed.] - Wichita State University, College of Education, Dept. of Curriculum and Instruction