Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Purdue University, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-170). Also available online via the Purdue University website (http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-133). Also available online via the Digital Repository at the University of Maryland website (https://drum.umd.edu/).

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M.Ing. (Transportation) / Consecutive green phases at signalized intersections are separated by an amber and sometimes all-red period to allow a safe changeover from flow in one direction to another. Al though this signal change interval consists of only a few seconds, existing practice in setting this signal change interval varies considerably. Research on this subj ect has focused on understanding how individual drivers react when they are confronted by a change signal. Identifying the factors that describe the need for different change intervals can most easily be determined by measuring the aggregated behaviour of motorists under conditions where these factors vary. Evidence suggests that the South African driver overseas counterpart regarding his attitude towards interval differs from his the signal change Field observations of drivers' aggregated behaviour when confronted by a change interval were made at 17 approaches to 9 different intersections. The linear relationship between the signal change interval and various factors which apparently have an influence on the need for such a period were determined. The regression models were also structured to allow evaluation of existing models such as the well-known ITE-formula. The results were evaluated statistically. It was not possible to calibrate the ITE-formula for South African conditions. The approach adopted here conforms to tiling designs that use a constant (for a specific approach) amber interval. This constant is probably a summation of the influence of all the factors which influence the need for a signal change interval. The use of the clearance time for a crossing, as the all-red period, is also ascertained.

近年來，在公開的大規模人工標注數據集上訓練通用行人檢測器的方法有了顯著的進步。然而，當通用行人檢測器被應用到一個特定的，未公開過的場景中時，它的性能會不如預期。這是由待檢測的數據（源樣本）與訓練數據（目標樣本）的不匹配，以及新場景中視角、光照、分辨率和背景噪音的變化擾動造成的。 / 在本論文中，我們提出一個新的自動將通用行人檢測器適應到特定場景中的框架。這個框架分為兩個階段。在第一階段，我們探索監控錄像場景中提供的特定表征。利用這些表征，從目標場景中選擇正負樣本並重新訓練行人檢測器，該過程不斷迭代直至收斂。在第二階段，我們提出一個新的機器學習框架，該框架綜合每個樣本的標簽和比重。根據這些比重，源樣本和目標樣本被重新權重，以優化最終的分類器。這兩種方法都屬於半監督學習，僅僅需要非常少的人工干預。 / 使用提出的方法可以顯著提高通用行人檢測器的准確性。實驗顯示，由方法訓練出來的檢測器可以和使用大量手工標注的目標場景數據訓練出來的媲美。與其它解決類似問題的方法比較，該方法同樣好於許多已有方法。 / 本論文的工作已經分別於朲朱朱年和朲朱朲年在杉杅杅杅計算機視覺和模式識別會議（权杖材杒）中發表。 / In recent years, significant progress has been made in learning generic pedestrian detectors from publicly available manually labeled large scale training datasets. However, when a generic pedestrian detector is applied to a specific, previously undisclosed scene where the testing data (target examples) does not match with the training data (source examples) because of variations of viewpoints, resolutions, illuminations and backgrounds, its accuracy may decrease greatly. / In this thesis, a new framework is proposed automatically adapting a pre-trained generic pedestrian detector to a specific traffic scene. The framework is two-phased. In the first phase, scene-specific cues in the video surveillance sequence are explored. Utilizing the multi-cue information, both condent positive and negative examples from the target scene are selected to re-train the detector iteratively. In the second phase, a new machine learning framework is proposed, incorporating not only example labels but also example confidences. Source and target examples are re-weighted according to their confidence, optimizing the performance of the final classifier. Both methods belong to semi-supervised learning and require very little human intervention. / The proposed approaches significantly improve the accuracy of the generic pedestrian detector. Their results are comparable with the detector trained using a large number of manually labeled frames from the target scene. Comparison with other existing approaches tackling similar problems shows that the proposed approaches outperform many contemporary methods. / The works have been published on the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition in 2011 and 2012, respectively. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Wang, Meng. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-45). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- PedestrianDetection --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Overview --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- StatisticalLearning --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- ObjectRepresentation --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- SupervisedStatisticalLearninginObjectDetection --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- PedestrianDetectioninVideoSurveillance --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- ProblemSetting --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Challenges --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- MotivationsandContributions --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- RelatedWork --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- OrganizationsofChapters --- p.9 / Chapter 2 --- Label Inferring by Multi-Cues --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- DataSet --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Method --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- CondentPositiveExamplesofPedestrians --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- CondentNegativeExamplesfromtheBackground --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- CondentNegativeExamplesfromVehicles --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- FinalSceneSpecicPedestrianDetector --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3 --- ExperimentResults --- p.20 / Chapter 3 --- Transferring a Detector by Condence Propagation --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- Method --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Overview --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- InitialEstimationofCondenceScores --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Re-weightingSourceSamples --- p.27 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Condence-EncodedSVM --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Experiments --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Datasets --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- ParameterSetting --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 4 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.40

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-130).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-240). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94).