微電列陣今已被廣泛用於各種生理和理的研究。通過把微電列陣連接到肌肉細胞，細胞外的電生理信號會被有效地記錄，我們進而對尖峰信號的傳播模式進行分析，以便了解肌肉收縮的模式。本文旨在對觀測到的電生理信號進行統計模型擬合，從而獲得對於肌肉收縮模式的統計推論。我們提出了三種方法用以提取尖峰信號的激活時間，分別為均值方差法、局部加權回歸法(LOWESS方法)和Butterworth濾波法。然後對抽取出來的尖峰信號應用隨機Hough轉換，識別出多個傳播的信號波，從而得到肌肉收縮的率。對於每個信號波，我們建立了兩個模型來描述信號的傳播模式，即圓形波陣面模型和線性波陣模型。通過這兩種模型擬合，表達信傳播特徵的參數可被估算，例如激發信號波的起源位和起始時間，信號的傳播方向以及速度等。利用根據兩種模型合成的模擬數據，我們證明了隨機霍夫轉換算法和模型擬合的有效性及準確性，並把文中提出的算法用於大鼠心肌培養細胞的一個數據集。由此數據集得出的結果可以用於監測細胞的電生理變化，從而闡明藥物或環條件對心肌細胞產生的影響。 / The microelectrode array (MEA) has been widely used in physiological and pharmacological research. By attaching the MEA system to muscle cells, extracellular electrophysiological signals can be recorded, and the spike-signal propagation pattern can be analyzed for understanding the muscle contraction pattern. This thesis aims at providing a statistical framework for analyzing the muscle contraction pattern from the observed electrophysiological signals. We first provides three methods for extracting the activation time of signal spikes: the mean-variance method, the LOWESS smoothing method, and the Butterworth filtering method. The randomized Hough transform is then applied to the signal spikes to identify the multiple propagating waves, which gives the rate of beating. For each propagating wave, we propose two models to describe the signal propagation pattern, namely the circular wavefront model and the linear wavefront model. By fitting these two models, parameters that characterize the signal propagation can be estimated, such as the origin and time of excitation, the direction of propagation, and the speed of propagation. We demonstrate the performances of the randomized Hough tranform algorithm and model fitting in two simulation studies, and apply these approaches to a real data set of cultured cardiac myocytes of rats. The result may be used to monitor the electrophysiological changes and thereby elucidate the drug effect or environmental condition on cardiomyocytes. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Lu, Jiayi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-65). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivating problem --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- An overview of MEA --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Electrophysiology of cardiac myocytes --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- A generative model for MEA data --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Circular wavefront model --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Linear wavefront model --- p.11 / Chapter 3 --- Computing method for MEA signals --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- Preliminaries --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing(LOWESS) --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Butterworth filter --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Hough transform --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Nonlinear minimization --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Overall procedure for MEA data analysis --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- Extract the spike activation time --- p.25 / Chapter 3.4 --- Identification of multiple propagating waves --- p.28 / Chapter 3.5 --- Model fitting --- p.29 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Circular wavefront model --- p.29 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Linear wavefront model --- p.33 / Chapter 4 --- Simulation study based on synthesized data --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1 --- Wave detection using Hough transform --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Data synthesis from linear wavefront model --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Performance of the randomized Hough transform --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Model fitting for signal propagating pattern --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Data Synthesis from circular wavefront model --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Performance of the model fitting algorithm --- p.42 / Chapter 5 --- Real data application --- p.47 / Chapter 5.1 --- Data set --- p.47 / Chapter 5.2 --- Extract the spike activation time --- p.49 / Chapter 5.3 --- Identify multiple propagating waves --- p.52 / Chapter 5.4 --- Model fitting --- p.52 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Fitting the circular wavefront model --- p.52 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Fitting the linear wavefront model --- p.55 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Comparison of the two models --- p.56 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and future directions --- p.60 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.60 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future directions --- p.61

Zhang Rongzhen. / "July 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-176). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi a avaliação da atividade elétrica uterina em ratas Wistar prenhes antes e após a eletroacupuntura e a influência do sistema nervoso central e dos circuitos elétricos biologicamente fechados. A avaliação da atividade elétrica cerebral e uterina foi realizada por meio de experimentos crônicos (n=16, 8 prenhes e 8 não prenhes) e agudos (n=11, 4 prenhes e 7 não prenhes). As ratas prenhes receberam a eletroacupuntura nos pontos Sanyinjiao e Zusanli entre 17 a 19 semanas de prenhez. A fase de experimentos agudos consistiu de lesão na medula espinhal no nível de T1 (2 ratas, uma prenhe e a outra não), denervação do útero utilizando álcool absoluto (3 ratas, uma prenhe e duas não), eletroestimulação de artéria isolada do rabo (2 ratas não prenhes) e experimentos in vitro (4 ratas, duas prenhes e duas não). A atividade elétrica uterina de repouso foi semelhante nas ratas prenhes (1,87 +/- 2,35 eventos / 3 minutos) e não prenhes (2,31 +/- 1,57 eventos / 3 minutos, p>0.1). Após a eletroacupuntura o número de eventos aumentou de 1,87 +/- 2,35 / 3 minutos para 28,06 +/- 17,27 / 3 minutos; p<0.01. Verificou-se uma correlação entre o aumento da atividade elétrica cerebral (córtex e hipocampo) e da atividade uterina em 3 ratas (2 prenhes e 1 não prenhe). Nem lesões na medula espinhal, nem a denervação do útero nem a realização dos experimentos in vitro modificou o aumento da atividade uterina. A eletroestimulação da artéria isolada do rato alcançou o útero mas parou após o clampeamento da artéria. Portanto, a atividade elétrica uterina é semelhante nas ratas prenhes e não prenhes. A atividade elétrica uterina aumenta após 90 minutos de eletroacupuntura em ratas Wistar prenhes, provavelmente através dos circuitos elétricos biologicamente fechados. O sistema nervoso não é necessário para esse fenômeno. / The objective of this work was the evaluation of uterine electric activity in pregnant Wistar rats before and after electroacupuncture stimulation and the influence of central nervous system and biologically closed electric circuits on uterine electric activity. The evaluation of brain electric activity and uterine electric activity was studied by means of chronic experiments (n=16, 8 pregnant and 8 non pregnant rats). In pregnant rats electroacupuncture was performed at acupoints Sanyinjiao and Zusanli between 17 and 19 days of pregnancy. The acute experiments phase was lesions in spinal cord at T1 level (2 rats, one pregnant and one non pregnant), denervation of uterus using absolute alcohol (3 rats, one pregnant and two non pregnant), electric stimulation of isolated tail artery (2 animals, non pregnant) and in vitro experiment (2 pregnant rats and 2 non pregnant rats). The uterine activity was similar in pregnant (1,87 +/- 2,35 events / 3 minutes) and non pregnant rats (2,31 +/- 1,57 events / 3 minutes, p>0.1). After electroacupuncture, the number of events rises for 1,87 +/- 2,35 / 3 minutes to 28,06 +/- 17,27 / 3 minutes; p<0.01 (pregnant rats). In 3 rats (1 non-pregnant and 2 pregnants), was observed correlation between the rise of cerebral activity (cortex and hipoccampus) and the uterine activity. Neither lesions in spinal cord nor denervation of uterus and in vitro experiments modified the rising of uterine activity. The electric stimulation of isolated tail artery reached the uterus but stopped after clamping the artery. Therefere, the basal uterine electric activity is similar in pregnant and non pregnant Wistar rats; uterine activity rises after 90 minutes of electroacupuncture in Wistar pregnant rats, probably by biologically closed electric circuits and the nervous system is not necessary for this phenomenon.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi a avaliação da atividade elétrica uterina em ratas Wistar prenhes antes e após a eletroacupuntura e a influência do sistema nervoso central e dos circuitos elétricos biologicamente fechados. A avaliação da atividade elétrica cerebral e uterina foi realizada por meio de experimentos crônicos (n=16, 8 prenhes e 8 não prenhes) e agudos (n=11, 4 prenhes e 7 não prenhes). As ratas prenhes receberam a eletroacupuntura nos pontos Sanyinjiao e Zusanli entre 17 a 19 semanas de prenhez. A fase de experimentos agudos consistiu de lesão na medula espinhal no nível de T1 (2 ratas, uma prenhe e a outra não), denervação do útero utilizando álcool absoluto (3 ratas, uma prenhe e duas não), eletroestimulação de artéria isolada do rabo (2 ratas não prenhes) e experimentos in vitro (4 ratas, duas prenhes e duas não). A atividade elétrica uterina de repouso foi semelhante nas ratas prenhes (1,87 +/- 2,35 eventos / 3 minutos) e não prenhes (2,31 +/- 1,57 eventos / 3 minutos, p>0.1). Após a eletroacupuntura o número de eventos aumentou de 1,87 +/- 2,35 / 3 minutos para 28,06 +/- 17,27 / 3 minutos; p<0.01. Verificou-se uma correlação entre o aumento da atividade elétrica cerebral (córtex e hipocampo) e da atividade uterina em 3 ratas (2 prenhes e 1 não prenhe). Nem lesões na medula espinhal, nem a denervação do útero nem a realização dos experimentos in vitro modificou o aumento da atividade uterina. A eletroestimulação da artéria isolada do rato alcançou o útero mas parou após o clampeamento da artéria. Portanto, a atividade elétrica uterina é semelhante nas ratas prenhes e não prenhes. A atividade elétrica uterina aumenta após 90 minutos de eletroacupuntura em ratas Wistar prenhes, provavelmente através dos circuitos elétricos biologicamente fechados. O sistema nervoso não é necessário para esse fenômeno. / The objective of this work was the evaluation of uterine electric activity in pregnant Wistar rats before and after electroacupuncture stimulation and the influence of central nervous system and biologically closed electric circuits on uterine electric activity. The evaluation of brain electric activity and uterine electric activity was studied by means of chronic experiments (n=16, 8 pregnant and 8 non pregnant rats). In pregnant rats electroacupuncture was performed at acupoints Sanyinjiao and Zusanli between 17 and 19 days of pregnancy. The acute experiments phase was lesions in spinal cord at T1 level (2 rats, one pregnant and one non pregnant), denervation of uterus using absolute alcohol (3 rats, one pregnant and two non pregnant), electric stimulation of isolated tail artery (2 animals, non pregnant) and in vitro experiment (2 pregnant rats and 2 non pregnant rats). The uterine activity was similar in pregnant (1,87 +/- 2,35 events / 3 minutes) and non pregnant rats (2,31 +/- 1,57 events / 3 minutes, p>0.1). After electroacupuncture, the number of events rises for 1,87 +/- 2,35 / 3 minutes to 28,06 +/- 17,27 / 3 minutes; p<0.01 (pregnant rats). In 3 rats (1 non-pregnant and 2 pregnants), was observed correlation between the rise of cerebral activity (cortex and hipoccampus) and the uterine activity. Neither lesions in spinal cord nor denervation of uterus and in vitro experiments modified the rising of uterine activity. The electric stimulation of isolated tail artery reached the uterus but stopped after clamping the artery. Therefere, the basal uterine electric activity is similar in pregnant and non pregnant Wistar rats; uterine activity rises after 90 minutes of electroacupuncture in Wistar pregnant rats, probably by biologically closed electric circuits and the nervous system is not necessary for this phenomenon.