As far as the Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) manufacture industry is concerned, for high production volumes, solder paste is applied on the connection pads through customized stencils. This is a very productive method, yet if the design has to be updated, cost is increasing as the stencil should be changed. For higher exibility, such as in rapid prototyping, jet-printing machines similar to Mycronic MY500 are used. In these equipments, solder paste is jet-printed on the circuit board. The shooting is done by a piston moving on the vertical axis at high speed, hence projecting solder paste onto the connection pads of the PCB. In order to improve the understanding of the jetting process, it is important to collect data on pressure uctuations in the jetting head. To do so, this project is using a strain gauge to sense the strain applied by the piston on the nozzle. The gauge is connected in a Wheatstone bridge, and the differential signal is extracted and amplified a first time with an instrumentation amplifier. The remaining amplification is then performed with the help of an operational amplifier so that the signal matches the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) levels. Finally, the converted results are transmitted to a personal computer for further analysis.

Space Situational Awareness (SSA) is the characterization of the space environmentand of space activities. The fundament of SSA is the access to information about theorbit of space objects. There exist several techniques to determine the orbit of objects inspace, both from space-based and from ground-based observations. This Master's Thesisproject aims at investigating orbit determinations from ground-based radar observations.In particular, the use of the EISCAT Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) incoherent scatterradar for orbit determination purposes is investigated. The radar data necessary forthis work were acquired during the \EISCAT Prisma Odin Experiments" (EPO-1 and2) in July 2014 and March 2015. During the experiments, the Swedish satellites Odinand Mango were tracked with the EISCAT system and their known GPS data wereused to validate the radar accuracy. The results of the analysis show that the EISCATUHF radar is aected by systematic errors in the range calculation: a constant osetand an error that increases when the target moves west from the radar. There is noevidence of systematic errors in the range rate calculation. However, the analysis showsthat between two dierent calculation methods, one seems to be more accurate. Thesecond part of this project analyzes the initial orbit determination problem (OD) basedon synthetic EISCAT data. The tool for this part of the thesis is the software SystemsTool Kit (STK). STK is used to simulate the observation of a satellite with EISCATand to propagate the orbit of the radar target from an initial state. The initial state(r,v) is derived via Lambert's initial orbit determination method based on the syntheticEISCAT observation of the satellite. The computed initial state from Lambert's methoddiers by several kilometers from the true initial state. This is a consequence of the factthat the method relies on the analytical solution of the Two-Body problem and can notbe expected to be more precise. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the Lambert's solverto perturbations of the initial radar observations is investigated. Based on expectederrors of the EISCAT radar observations, it is shown that the in-track range dierencequickly approaches several thousands of kilometers and several hundreds of kilometersin cross-track range dierence between the estimated orbit and the true orbit. Thus,the EISCAT UHF radar is not suitable for precise orbit determination but can only beused for initial orbit determination purposes of a previously known object to providecrude estimates of its initial state. Multiple target position and velocity measurementsare needed to improve the initial orbit determination.

Given synchronized video sequences from a number of cameras withoverlapping fields of view, the detection and tracking of a priori unknownnumber of individuals entering a determined area is considered, showingthat a generative model can accurately follow the individuals and handleeffectively such problems as occlusions in each view independently. Theaim of this thesis is to implement the exchange of information betweenthe cameras where the detection and tracking processes take place. Theinputs are obtained from synchronized videos and the frames are takenindividually to treat them as independent images. The proposed algo-rithm was implemented in MATLAB and results obtained on a personalcomputer are presented. The results show that the algorithm achievesgood tracking accuracy, has relatively low computational complexity, andat the same time it allows to observe the communication requirementsbetween the cameras and the processing node.

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The size of global electronic data in need of storage and retrieval is growing with an increasing rate. As a result of this growth, the development of technologies to process such data is a necessity. The data is developing in both complexity and connectivity, particularly for social networks. Connectivity of data means that the records to be stored are highly interdependent. Conventional relational databases are poorly suited for processing highly connected data. On the contrary, graph databases are inherently suited for such dependencies. This is mainly due to the fact that graph databases try to preserve locality and store adjacent records close to one another. This allows retrieval of adjacent elements, regardless of graph size, in constant time. Furthermore, with the everyday growth of data volume these databases won’t fit on single server any longer and need more (distributed) resources. Thus, partitioning of the data to be stored is required.  Graph partitioning, based on its aim, can be divided into two major subcategories; a) Balanced partitioning where the aim is to find a predefined, N, number of equally sized clusters and b) Community detection where the aim is to find all underlying dense subgraphs. In this thesis we investigate and improve one particular graph partitioning algorithm, namely DiDiC, which is designed for balanced partitioning. DiDiC is short for diffusive and distributed graph partitioning. The algorithm is independently implemented in this thesis. The main testbeds of our work are real-world social network graphs such as Wikipedia or Facebook and synthetically generated graphs. DiDiC's various aspects and performance are further examined in different situations (i.e. types of graph) and using various sets of parameters (i.e. DiDiC hyperparameters). Our experiments indicate that DiDiC fails to partition the input graphs to the desired number of clusters in more than 70% of cases. In most failure cases it returns the whole graph as a single cluster. We noticed that the diffusive aspects of DiDiC is minimally constrained. Inspired by these observations, we propose two diffusive variants of the DiDiC to address this issue and consequently improve the success rate. This is done mainly by constraining the diffusive aspect of DiDiC. The modifications are straightforward to implement and can be easily incorporated into existing graph databases. We show our modifications consistently outperforms DiDiC with a margin of ~30% success rate in various scenarios. The different scenarios include various sizes of graphs, with different connectivity and structure of underlying clusters. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness 5   of DiDiC in discovering underlying high density regions of graph a.k.a. “community detection”. In fact, we show that it is more successful in “community detection” (60% success rate) than "balanced clustering" (35% success rate). Finally, we investigate the importance of random initialization of DiDiC algorithm. We observe, while different initialization (and keeping the best performing one) can help the final performance, there is a diminishing return when the algorithm is randomly initialized more than 4 times.

Det växande önskemålet att använda ny teknik, leder till en ökning av att använda mer komplexa programvarudomäner. Dessutom kan det orsaka ett antal utmaningar, som kan lösas genom att förändra sättet som system är utformade på. Företag har tillämpat instruktioner och standarder inom sina organisationer för att minska problemen och öka samstämmigheten mellan sina program och att återanvända komponenter i olika system. Generiska eller specifika metoder kan användas för att implementera sådana system. Eftersom en specifik metod ger en bättre lösning med större fördelar och användbarhet i vissa domäner så följde denna studie denna metod. Denna studie presenterar resultatet av en explorativ fallstudie vid telekombolaget Ericsson där de utmaningar som definierar ett yttre och inre domänspecifikt språk utreddes. Möjligheterna att övergå från en manuellt byggd konfiguration för en radiobasstation till en mer automatiserad och pålitlig systemkonfiguration undersöktes. Dessutom presenteras resultatet av att utveckla ett internt och externt domänspecifikt språk baserade på företagets krav. Fördelar, tillkortakommanden, exempel på domänspecifikt språk och implementationstekniker diskuteras i rapporten. Resultatet av detta examensarbete kommer att användas som en konfigurationsdel som ingår i ett större internt verktyg inom företaget. Detta tillhandahåller en effektiv metod för att hantera komplicerade system på ett enkelt sätt. / The growing request of using new technologies, leads to an increased usage of more complex software domains. In addition, it may cause number of challenges, which can be resolved by changing the way systems are designed. Companies have applied instructions and standards within their organizations to reduce the problems and increase the consistency between their software applications and reusing components in different systems. A generic or specific approach can be used to implement such systems. As a specific approach delivers a better solution with significant advantages and ease of use for particular application domains, this study followed this methodology. This study presents the result of an exploratory case study at the Ericsson telecom company where the challenges of defining an external and internal Domain Specific Language were investigated. The possibilities of how to transfer from a manually built Radio Base Station configuration towards a more automated and reliable system configuration was investigated. Moreover, the results of developing an internal and external DSL based on the company’s requirements are presented. Benefits, shortcomings, example DSLs, and implementation techniques are discussed in this report. The outcome of this thesis work will be used as a configuration part that is included in a larger in-house tool within the company. This provides an effective method to handle complicated system in a simple manner.

This thesis deals with location determining, also known as positioning, using Bluetooth Low energy radio. The goal is to implement a low power low cost indoor positioning system which utilize existing hardware. Two main methods are investigated and their viability assessed. Previous efforts with indoor positioning systems concentrate on statistical fingerprinting methods, mainly using 802.11 (WLAN) as the platform. Some efforts have been made with purely signal strength based positioning, but indoor environments have shown to work unfavorably for these kinds of methods.

Printed electronics and low power radio has evolved significantly in recent years. This has made it possible to implement electronic worn on the body or clothing. Printed batteries internal resistance is much higher compared to regular batteries. Unless a battery power management circuit is used, the radio peak current makes that the terminal voltage may drop to a level below the specified supply voltage for the radio, causing operation failure. A large capacitor solves this but a large surface mounted capacitor can be both larger and heavier than the integrated radio circuit. A trade-o_ must be done. Voltage regulation is necessary since the battery voltage is higher than the supply voltage for the radio. Design of capacitor, battery and low-dropout regulator were simulated in the shape of function and life length in LTSpice. The results were compared between theory, simulation and radio measurements.

Företaget Biosensor Applications AB utvecklar biotekniska analysintrument för detektion av otillåtna substanser såsom narkotika och sprängmedel. Instrumenten används inom tullverksamhet, kriminalvård och rehabilitering. Instrumentens höga känslighet kräver noggrann kalibrering av hela systemet, vilket görs på automatisk väg för defiesta systemmoddulerna. För en viktig del i detektionsprocessen, inställningen av en vätskenivå, saknas det dock en metod för automatisk kalibrering. Kalibreringen måste därför ske manuellt av en tekniker, vilket är tidskrävande, kostsamt och framförallt svårt då även en väldefinierad manuell metod saknas. Denna rapport beskriver examensarbetets utvärdering av de manuella metoder som idag används. Därefter utvecklas en metod för en helautomatisk kalibrering av vätskenivån. Vidare beskrivs hur den automatiska metoden implementeras i instrumentets systemjukvara. I resultaten redovisas hur det uppgraderade systemet används i produktion av företaget, med stora vinster för såväl tidsåtgång, kostnad samt repeterbarhet. / Biosensor Applications AB develops biotechnical analysis equipment for detection of illegalsubstances such as narcotics and explosives. The equipment is used by customs,correctional facilities and rehabilitation centers.The high sensitivity of the equipment requires careful calibration of the whole system,which is performed automatically for most of the system modules. For one importantpart of the detection process however, the setting of a liquid level, there is no methodfor an automatic calibration. The calibration must therefor be performed manually by atechnician, which is time consuming, costly and above all di cult due to the additionallack of a well de ned manual method.This report describes the thesis evaluation of the manual methods that are used today.After that, a method for a fully automatic calibration of the liquid level is developed.Furthermore, the report describes how the automatic method is implemented into theequipments system software.The result section presents how the upgraded system is used by the company duringproduction, showing large bene ts in terms of time requirement, cost and repeatability

A passive mixer is designed in a silicon germine process for use in a 5GHz WLAN receiver. The design is implemented as a fully on-chip design and copackage design with passive components integrated on the substrate in the package. Also for each implementation the performance is evaluated with twelve different bonding inductances, from 50pH to 2nH. To estimate connection parasitic floorplans have been made for normal wirebonding and solderbumps for each of the implementation. The performance parameters compared are conversion gain, noise close to signal, noise with high frequency offset to the signal and IIP3. Some performance differences can be found between different implementations but neither of the implementations can be consider superior to the other.