As rochas do Grupo Península Trinity e das unidadesequivalentes abrangem arenito, argilito e conglomerado, além de seus correspondentes metamórficos, e cuja formação é atribuída a correntes de turbidez. Afloram na parte norte da Península Antártica e arquipélagos adjacentes. Amostras de arenito, arcósio e conglomerado dessas unidades foram analisadas com intuito de traçar sua proveniência. A partir da análise petrográfica de arenito foi constatada a similaridade entre as rochas das formações do Grupo Península Trinity, Formação Grauvaca-Folhelho e Formação Miers Bluff. As rochas apresentam composição quartzo-feldspática, com baixa porcentagem de fragmentos líticos de composição plutônica, vulcânica e metamórfica. Diferenças composicionais ocorrem na Formação View Point, na qual também ocorre subarcóseo; e na Formação Miers Bluff, arcóseo lítico. As idades U-Pb de grãos detríticos de zircão para as rochas do Grupo Península Trinity da região de Botany Bay são concordantes e a mais jovem é 324 ± 8 Ma, ainda com quantidade expressiva de grãos com idades de 512 a 541Ma e 1001 a 1091Ma. Valores de ?Nd para rocha total, calculados para 220 Ma estão entre -5 e -8, indicando influência de fontes crustais recicladas ou de razoável residência crustal. A extensa gama de idades para a área-fonte indica reciclagem sedimentar de fonte diversa, com idades carboníferas, cambrianas e pré-cambrianas. O ?Hf calculado para as idades de U-Pb dos grãos de zircão detríticos mais jovens variade -1,2 a -5,7, também indicam extensa residência crustal. A amostra da Formação Legoupil, que complementa os dados de idades U-Pb em grãos detríticos de zircão para oGrupo Península Trinity, apresenta idade mais jovem de 265 ± 2, restringindo a idade máxima de sedimentação ao Permiano. Para as amostras da Formação Grauvaca-Folhelho as idades U-Pb em grãos detríticos de zircão apresentam duas concentrações bem definidas, permo-triássica e cambriana, com idade concordante mais jovem de 216 ± 2 Ma e mais antiga de 1,8 ± 0,13 Ga. Essas idades são condizentes com as dos grãos detríticos de zircão do Grupo Península Trinity. A partir dos dados de idades de grãos detríticos dezircão pode-se definir como a idade máxima para deposição para as formações Legoupil e Grauvaca-Folhelho sendo permo-triássica, assim como para as rochas do GrupoPenínsula Trinity em Botany Bay. Idades essas que levam a sugerir como fonte a Patagônia, no maciço Norte-patagônico, e Antártica Ocidental, na Terra de Mary Byrd. Estascondizem tanto em idade como em tipo de fonte, ígnea e metamórfica, com contribuição sedimentar. / The rocks of the Trinity Peninsula Group and equivalent units comprise sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate, as wel as their corresponding metamorphic rocks, whose formation is attributed to turbidity currents. They crop out in the northern Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands. Samples of sandstone, arkose and conglomerate of these units were analyzed in order to trace their provenance. From the petrographic analysis of sandstone was found similarity between the rocks of the Trinity Peninsula Group, Greywacke-Shale Formation and Miers Bluff Formation. The rocks have quartz-feldspathic composition, low percentage of lithic fragments of plutonic, volcanic and metamorphic rocks. Compositional differences occur in View Point Formation, which also occurs subarkose, and Miers Bluff Formation, lithic arcóseo. The U-Pb ages dates of detrital zircon grains in the rocks of the Trinity Peninsula Group region of Botany Bay are concordant and the youngest is 324 ± 8 Ma, but concentrations around 512-541Ma and 1001-1091Ma are common. Values of ?Nd calculated for 220 Ma are between -5 and -8, indicating influence of recycled crustal sources or with reasonable crustal residence. With extensive range of ages for the source area, indicating sediment recycling of diverse source areas, with ages spread from Carboniferous to Cambrian and Precambrian. The ?Hf calculated for dates U-Pb of younger detrital zircon ranges from -1.2 to -5.7, also indicate extensive crustal residence. The sample of Legoupil Formation, which complements the U-Pb dates for detrital zircon grains of the Trinity Peninsula Group, presents younger date of 265 ± 2, restricting the maximum age of the sedimentation asPermian. For samples of Greywacke-Shale Formation the U-Pb dates for detrital zircon grains exhibit two well-defined concentrations, permo-triassic and cambrian, with younger concordant date of 216 ± 2 Ma and older of 1.8 ± 0,13 Ga. These dates are consistent with those of detrital zircon grains from the Peninsula Group Trinity. From the data on detrital zircon grains can be defined as the maximum age for deposition for Legoupil and Greywacke-Shale formations being permo-triassic, as well as the rocks of the Trinity Peninsula Group in Botany Bay. Dates that suggest as a source area Patagonia, in Northern Patagonian massif and West Antarctica, in the Mary Byrd Land. These areas are consistent with both in age and rock types, igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary, as the source area.

As rochas do Grupo Península Trinity e das unidadesequivalentes abrangem arenito, argilito e conglomerado, além de seus correspondentes metamórficos, e cuja formação é atribuída a correntes de turbidez. Afloram na parte norte da Península Antártica e arquipélagos adjacentes. Amostras de arenito, arcósio e conglomerado dessas unidades foram analisadas com intuito de traçar sua proveniência. A partir da análise petrográfica de arenito foi constatada a similaridade entre as rochas das formações do Grupo Península Trinity, Formação Grauvaca-Folhelho e Formação Miers Bluff. As rochas apresentam composição quartzo-feldspática, com baixa porcentagem de fragmentos líticos de composição plutônica, vulcânica e metamórfica. Diferenças composicionais ocorrem na Formação View Point, na qual também ocorre subarcóseo; e na Formação Miers Bluff, arcóseo lítico. As idades U-Pb de grãos detríticos de zircão para as rochas do Grupo Península Trinity da região de Botany Bay são concordantes e a mais jovem é 324 ± 8 Ma, ainda com quantidade expressiva de grãos com idades de 512 a 541Ma e 1001 a 1091Ma. Valores de ?Nd para rocha total, calculados para 220 Ma estão entre -5 e -8, indicando influência de fontes crustais recicladas ou de razoável residência crustal. A extensa gama de idades para a área-fonte indica reciclagem sedimentar de fonte diversa, com idades carboníferas, cambrianas e pré-cambrianas. O ?Hf calculado para as idades de U-Pb dos grãos de zircão detríticos mais jovens variade -1,2 a -5,7, também indicam extensa residência crustal. A amostra da Formação Legoupil, que complementa os dados de idades U-Pb em grãos detríticos de zircão para oGrupo Península Trinity, apresenta idade mais jovem de 265 ± 2, restringindo a idade máxima de sedimentação ao Permiano. Para as amostras da Formação Grauvaca-Folhelho as idades U-Pb em grãos detríticos de zircão apresentam duas concentrações bem definidas, permo-triássica e cambriana, com idade concordante mais jovem de 216 ± 2 Ma e mais antiga de 1,8 ± 0,13 Ga. Essas idades são condizentes com as dos grãos detríticos de zircão do Grupo Península Trinity. A partir dos dados de idades de grãos detríticos dezircão pode-se definir como a idade máxima para deposição para as formações Legoupil e Grauvaca-Folhelho sendo permo-triássica, assim como para as rochas do GrupoPenínsula Trinity em Botany Bay. Idades essas que levam a sugerir como fonte a Patagônia, no maciço Norte-patagônico, e Antártica Ocidental, na Terra de Mary Byrd. Estascondizem tanto em idade como em tipo de fonte, ígnea e metamórfica, com contribuição sedimentar. / The rocks of the Trinity Peninsula Group and equivalent units comprise sandstone, mudstone and conglomerate, as wel as their corresponding metamorphic rocks, whose formation is attributed to turbidity currents. They crop out in the northern Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands. Samples of sandstone, arkose and conglomerate of these units were analyzed in order to trace their provenance. From the petrographic analysis of sandstone was found similarity between the rocks of the Trinity Peninsula Group, Greywacke-Shale Formation and Miers Bluff Formation. The rocks have quartz-feldspathic composition, low percentage of lithic fragments of plutonic, volcanic and metamorphic rocks. Compositional differences occur in View Point Formation, which also occurs subarkose, and Miers Bluff Formation, lithic arcóseo. The U-Pb ages dates of detrital zircon grains in the rocks of the Trinity Peninsula Group region of Botany Bay are concordant and the youngest is 324 ± 8 Ma, but concentrations around 512-541Ma and 1001-1091Ma are common. Values of ?Nd calculated for 220 Ma are between -5 and -8, indicating influence of recycled crustal sources or with reasonable crustal residence. With extensive range of ages for the source area, indicating sediment recycling of diverse source areas, with ages spread from Carboniferous to Cambrian and Precambrian. The ?Hf calculated for dates U-Pb of younger detrital zircon ranges from -1.2 to -5.7, also indicate extensive crustal residence. The sample of Legoupil Formation, which complements the U-Pb dates for detrital zircon grains of the Trinity Peninsula Group, presents younger date of 265 ± 2, restricting the maximum age of the sedimentation asPermian. For samples of Greywacke-Shale Formation the U-Pb dates for detrital zircon grains exhibit two well-defined concentrations, permo-triassic and cambrian, with younger concordant date of 216 ± 2 Ma and older of 1.8 ± 0,13 Ga. These dates are consistent with those of detrital zircon grains from the Peninsula Group Trinity. From the data on detrital zircon grains can be defined as the maximum age for deposition for Legoupil and Greywacke-Shale formations being permo-triassic, as well as the rocks of the Trinity Peninsula Group in Botany Bay. Dates that suggest as a source area Patagonia, in Northern Patagonian massif and West Antarctica, in the Mary Byrd Land. These areas are consistent with both in age and rock types, igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary, as the source area.

In the Pilgangoora Belt of the Pilbara Craton, Australia, the 3517 Ma Coonterunah Group and 3484-3468 Ma Carlindi granitoids underlie the 3458 Ma Warrawoona Group beneath an erosional unconformity, thus providing evidence for ancient emergent continental crust. The basalts either side of the unconformity are remarkably similar, with N-MORB-normalised enrichment factors for LILE, Th, U and LREE greater than those for Ta, Nb, P, Zr, Ti, Y and M-HREE, and initial e(Nd, Hf) compositions which systematically vary with Sm/Nd, Nb/U and Nb/La ratios. Geological and geochemical evidence shows that the Warrawoona Group was erupted onto continental basement, and that these basalts assimilated small amounts of Carlindi granitoid. As the Coonterunah basalts have similar compositions, they probably formed likewise, although they were deposited >60 myr before. Indeed, such a model may be applicable to most other early Pilbara greenstone successions, and so an older continental basement was probably critical for early Pilbara evolution. The geochemical, geological and geophysical characteristics of the Pilbara greenstone successions can be best explained as flood basalt successions deposited onto thin, submerged continental basement. This magmatism was induced by thermal upwelling in the mantle, although the basalts themselves do not have compositions which reflect derivation from an anomalously hot mantle. The Carlindi granitoids probably formed by fusion of young garnet-hornblende-rich sialic crust induced by basaltic volcanism. Early Archaean rocks have Nd-Hf isotope compositions which indicate that the young mantle had differentiated into distinct isotopic domains before 4.0 Ga. Such ancient depletion was associated with an increase of mantle Nb/U ratios to modern values, and hence this event probably reflects the extraction of an amount of continental crust equivalent to its modern mass from the primitive mantle before 3.5 Ga. Thus, a steady-state model of crustal growth is favoured whereby post ~4.0 Ga continental additions have been balanced by recycling back into the mantle, with no net global flux of continental crust at modern subduction zones. It is also proposed that the decoupling of initial e(Nd) and e(Hf) from its typical covariant behaviour was related to the formation of continental crust, perhaps by widespread formation of TTG magmas.

In the Pilgangoora Belt of the Pilbara Craton, Australia, the 3517 Ma Coonterunah Group and 3484-3468 Ma Carlindi granitoids underlie the 3458 Ma Warrawoona Group beneath an erosional unconformity, thus providing evidence for ancient emergent continental crust. The basalts either side of the unconformity are remarkably similar, with N-MORB-normalised enrichment factors for LILE, Th, U and LREE greater than those for Ta, Nb, P, Zr, Ti, Y and M-HREE, and initial e(Nd, Hf) compositions which systematically vary with Sm/Nd, Nb/U and Nb/La ratios. Geological and geochemical evidence shows that the Warrawoona Group was erupted onto continental basement, and that these basalts assimilated small amounts of Carlindi granitoid. As the Coonterunah basalts have similar compositions, they probably formed likewise, although they were deposited >60 myr before. Indeed, such a model may be applicable to most other early Pilbara greenstone successions, and so an older continental basement was probably critical for early Pilbara evolution. The geochemical, geological and geophysical characteristics of the Pilbara greenstone successions can be best explained as flood basalt successions deposited onto thin, submerged continental basement. This magmatism was induced by thermal upwelling in the mantle, although the basalts themselves do not have compositions which reflect derivation from an anomalously hot mantle. The Carlindi granitoids probably formed by fusion of young garnet-hornblende-rich sialic crust induced by basaltic volcanism. Early Archaean rocks have Nd-Hf isotope compositions which indicate that the young mantle had differentiated into distinct isotopic domains before 4.0 Ga. Such ancient depletion was associated with an increase of mantle Nb/U ratios to modern values, and hence this event probably reflects the extraction of an amount of continental crust equivalent to its modern mass from the primitive mantle before 3.5 Ga. Thus, a steady-state model of crustal growth is favoured whereby post ~4.0 Ga continental additions have been balanced by recycling back into the mantle, with no net global flux of continental crust at modern subduction zones. It is also proposed that the decoupling of initial e(Nd) and e(Hf) from its typical covariant behaviour was related to the formation of continental crust, perhaps by widespread formation of TTG magmas.

Les spéléothèmes (concrétions carbonatées se formant dans les zones karstiques) sont des archives paleo-climatiques reconnues, dont l’intérêt majeur est de pouvoir être datées précisément par la méthode Uranium-Thorium. En revanche, les traceurs traditionnellement utilisés pour reconstruire les climats passés à partir de ces objets géologiques ne sont pas directement quantifiables en termes de paramètres climatiques comme la température moyenne, ou la quantité de précipitation. Les variations des concentrations en éléments traces contenus dans les spéléothèmes ont pu être relié dans certains sites aux changements climatiques passés, mais des doutes existent sur la robustesse de leur signal au sein d’une même grotte et entre différents sites.Nous nous sommes appliqués à déterminer les variations au cours des 50 000 dernières années de plusieurs catégories d’éléments (alcalino-terreux, uranium, et terres rares) dans des stalagmites de deux grottes situées dans le sud de la France (les grottes de Villars en Dordogne et de Chauvet en Ardèche), par spectrométrie ICP-MS. Les spéléothèmes sélectionnés ont déjà été datés et ont enregistré les variations paleo-environnementales à travers les isotopes stables de la calcite. Trois périodes d’étude caractérisées par des changements particuliers sont étudiées: le stade isotopique 3 de la dernière période glaciaire (~50-30 ka), la dernière déglaciation (~20-10 ka) et la fin de l’Holocène (~2-0 ka).Le signal des variations des alcalino-terreux à Villars pendant le stade isotopique 3 est significatif et robuste. La variabilité du strontium notamment, qui provient de processus hydrologiques intra-karst, suit les événements climatiques rapides enregistrés dans l’hémisphère Nord. D’autre part, le comportement de nombreux éléments traces pendant la déglaciation est similaire entre les grottes de Villars et de Chauvet. Enfin, des changements du couvert végétal sont probablement à l’origine des changements synchrones enregistrés par les éléments traces et les isotopes stables de la calcite au cours des deux derniers millénaires à Villars.Par ailleurs, l’étude des coefficients de partition des alcalino-terreux, de l’uranium et des terres rares dans des conditions variées montre l’importante de la variabilité inter-site de leur partitionnement. / Calcareous deposits forming within caves, also known as speleothems, have become acknowledged paleoclimatic archives. One of their main interests is that they can be absolutely dated by Uranium-Thorium methods. However, traditionally used speleothem climatic proxies cannot be directly translated into environmental variables such as the mean annual temperature or the amount of annual rainfall. In some contexts, the variations of trace element concentrations in speleothem calcite could be linked to past climatic changes, but the robustness of trace element signals between speleothems of the same or nearby caves is still questionable.We determined by ICP-MS the concentrations of several families of chemical elements (alkaline-earth metals, uranium, rare-earth elements) in stalagmites from two caves located in Southern France (Villars cave in Dordogne and Chauvet Cave in Ardèche) spanning the last 50,000 years. The selected speleothems had already been dated and their stable isotope profiles had proven to record paleoenvironmental fluctuations occurring during three separate periods: the Marine Isotopic Stage 3 or MIS 3 (~50-30 ka), the Last Deglaciation (~20-10 ka), and the end of the Holocene (~2-0 ka).Variations of alkaline-earth metals recorded in two stalagmites from Villars Cave during MIS 3 are significant and robust. Notably, Sr concentrations follow the rapid climatic changes recorded in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, several trace elements behave similarly during the Last Deglaciation in the Villars and the Chauvet Cave. Finally, changes of the vegetation cover above the cave are likely to have caused the synchronous fluctuations of the trace element and stable isotope contents that happened during the last two thousand years in Villars speleothems.Lastly, the partition coefficients of alkaline-earth metals, uranium and rare-earth elements were measured in different sites and conditions and proved to be very site-dependent.