[pt] Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um modelo numérico para simular o fraturamento em estruturas de concreto. Como ferramentas principais são utilizados o Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) e alguns conceitos da Mecânica da fratura aplicada ao concreto. A principal palavra-chave que caracteriza este trabalho é o -elemento de interface-. Este elemento finito permite modelar descontinuidades na malha de elementos finitos entre as arestas dos elementos. Neste trabalho, estes elementos são utilizados para representar fissuras em estruturas de concreto. A modelagem destas fissuras é suportada por um conceito de fissura discreta, o qual está acoplado a um modelo constitutivo elástico com amolecimento, específico para a fissura ou para o elemento de interface.Neste trabalho, as análises não-lineares abrangeram sistemas estruturais com modo de fraturamento I. / [en] This work consists in the development of a numerical model in order to simulate the fracture process in concrete structures. This model is supported by concepts of the Finite Element Method and the Fracture Mechanics applied to concrete. The main keyword which characterizes this work is interface element. This finite element permits the modelling of discontinuities in the finite element mesh among the edges of the elements. In this work, these elements are used to represent cracks in concrete structures. The cracks modelling is supported by the discrete crack concept, which is associated to a constitutive model called elastic-softening, specific for the crack or for the interface element. In this work, the nonlinear analyses were limited to structural systems under fracture mode I.This work consists in the development of a numerical model in order to simulate the fracture process in concrete structures. This model is supported by concepts of the Finite Element Method and the Fracture Mechanics applied to concrete. The main keyword which characterizes this work is interface element. This finite element permits the modelling of discontinuities in the finite element mesh among the edges of the elements. In this work, these elements are used to represent cracks in concrete structures. The cracks modelling is supported by the discrete crack concept, which is associated to a constitutive model called elastic-softening, specific for the crack or for the interface element. In this work, the nonlinear analyses were limited to structural systems under fracture mode I.This work consists in the development of a numerical model in order to simulate the fracture process in concrete structures. This model is supported by concepts of the Finite Element Method and the Fracture Mechanics applied to concrete. The main keyword which characterizes this work is interface element. This finite element permits the modelling of discontinuities in the finite element mesh among the edges of the elements. In this work, these elements are used to represent cracks in concrete structures. The cracks modelling is supported by the discrete crack concept, which is associated to a constitutive model called elastic-softening, specific for the crack or for the interface element. In this work, the nonlinear analyses were limited to structural systems under fracture mode I. / [es] Este trabajo consiste en el desarrollo de un modelo numérico para simular fracturas en extructuras de concreto. Se utilizan como herramientas principales el Método de los elementos Finitos (MEF) y algunos conceptos de la Mecánica de la fractura aplicada al concreto. La principal palabra clave que caracteriza este trabajo es el -elemento de interfaz-. Este elemento finito permite modelar discontinuidades en la malla de elementos finitos entre las aristas de los elementos. En este trabajo, los elementos son utilizados para representar fisuras en extructuras de concreto. El modelo de estas fisuras se soporta por un concepto de fisura discreta, que está acoplado a un modelo constitutivo elástico, específico para la fisura o para el elemento de interfaz. En este trabajo, los análisis no lineales consideran sistemas extructurales con modo de fractura I.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T13:29:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonAlbinoFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 5315680 bytes, checksum: 999fe3e6c74df532dc49b7549ac68b2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-12T13:47:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonAlbinoFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 5315680 bytes, checksum: 999fe3e6c74df532dc49b7549ac68b2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T13:47:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonAlbinoFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 5315680 bytes, checksum: 999fe3e6c74df532dc49b7549ac68b2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A alvenaria ? um material comp?sito, constitu?do basicamente por unidades e juntas de argamassa (vertical e horizontal), podendo estar associada tamb?m a outros materiais, como o a?o e o graute. No Brasil, a partir da d?cada de 80, a alvenaria estrutural acabou se consolidando como um sistema construtivo altamente produtivo, racional e econ?mico devido a caracter?sticas como: simplifica??o das t?cnicas de execu??o, menor diversidade de materiais empregados, redu??o da m?o de obra e rapidez na execu??o. Em alvenaria estrutural, uma das possibilidades de execu??o que pode ser explorada ? o n?o preenchimento das juntas verticais, tamb?m chamada de juntas secas. A ado??o desta pr?tica gera certas vantagens como a diminui??o no tempo de execu??o da obra, a redu??o do consumo de materiais e a minimiza??o da fissura??o provocada pelas deforma??es intr?nsecas, como retra??o e deforma??es t?rmicas. No entanto, apesar de ser empregada a alguns anos no pa?s, as implica??es decorrentes de seu uso muitas vezes n?o t?m sido consideradas de forma apropriada nos projetos, isto se deve ao fato de existirem poucas pesquisas que tratam deste assunto. Al?m disso, as pesquisas existentes, por vezes, apresentam resultados que divergem entre si, principalmente no que se refere ? resist?ncia ? compress?o e ao cisalhamento. Neste trabalho foram efetuadas simula??es num?ricas de pequenas paredes de unidades cer?micas e de concreto, com e sem juntas verticais, ensaiadas com as prescri??es da NBR 15812-2 (ABNT, 2010), NBR 15961-2 (ABNT, 2011) e NBR 14321 (ABNT, 1999), com a finalidade de avaliar a influ?ncia do n?o preenchimento das juntas verticais na resist?ncia ? compress?o e ao cisalhamento da alvenaria. Para a realiza??o das an?lises num?ricas foi utilizado o M?todo dos Elementos Finitos a partir do software DIANA?. De acordo com os resultados num?ricos obtidos nos modelos em compress?o, e da compara??o entre estes e os resultados experimentais, foi poss?vel concluir que a aus?ncia das juntas verticais n?o influenciou na resist?ncia ? compress?o da alvenaria. Contudo, a partir dos resultados obtidos nos modelos em cisalhamento, conclui-se que n?o foi poss?vel avaliar quantitativamente a influ?ncia das juntas verticais na resist?ncia ao cisalhamento da alvenaria. / Masonry is a composite material, consisting basically of units and mortar joints (vertical and horizontal), and may also be associated with other materials, such as steel and grout. In Brazil, from the 1980s, structural masonry consolidated itself as a highly productive, rational and economical construction system due to characteristics as: simplification of execution techniques, less diversity of materials employed, reduction of labor and speed execution. In structural masonry, one of the execution possibilities that can be explored is the non-filling of vertical joints, also called dry joints. The adoption of this practice generates certain advantages as the reduction in the execution time of the construction, the reduction of the consumption of materials and the minimization of the cracking caused by the intrinsic deformations, such as retraction and thermal deformations. However, despite be employed to some years in country, the implications of its use often has been not properly considered in the projects, this is due to the fact that there is few research that deals with this subject. Moreover, the existing researches sometimes present results that diverge from each other, mainly with respect to the resistance to compression and shear. In this work, numerical simulations of small walls of ceramic and concrete units, with and without vertical joints, tested with the requirements of NBR 15812-2 (ABNT, 2010), NBR 15961-2 (ABNT, 2011) and NBR 14321 (ABNT, 1999). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of non-filling of vertical joints on the compressive strength and shear strength of the masonry. For the numerical analyzes, the Finite Element Method was used from DIANA? software. According to the numerical results obtained in the models in compression, and the comparison between these and the experimental results, it was possible to conclude that the absence of the vertical joints did not influence the compressive strength of the masonry. However, from the results obtained in the shear models, it was concluded that it was not possible to quantitatively evaluate the influence of the vertical joints on the shear strength of the masonry.