Le but de notre recherche était d’étudier les phénomènes du contact des langues en l’occurrence du sängö, langue nationale de la République Centrafricaine avec le français. L’enjeu était également de tester certaines approches théoriques sur le cas de l’alternance codique sängö-français pratiquée par les locuteurs centrafricains. Le MLF de Myers-Scotton, le modèle 4-M de Myers-Scotton et Jake, les contraintes syntaxiques de Poplack et Gumperz et l’approche interprétative de Gumperz ont été retenues dans cette étude pour l’alternance codique ; les préalables théoriques et les maximes définis par Grice ont été adoptées pour l’analyse thématique du corpus. Cette recherche se situe à la croisée de plusieurs disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales à savoir la Linguistique, la Sociolinguistique, l’Ethnolinguistique, la Pragmatique et la Sémantique. Dans un premier temps, la thèse s’est basée sur la définition des différentes approches théoriques et conceptuelles. Dans un second temps, elle s’est focalisée sur l’analyse des différents phénomènes linguistiques relatifs au contact du sängö avec le français et l’impact de ce contact sur les mots français insérés dans des énoncés sängö ou totalement intégrés au sängö. L’étude s’est ensuite orientée sur les différentes fonctions de l’alternance codique sängö-français et les différentes manifestations de l’alternance codique en l’occurrence les tours de parole.Enfin, cette recherche a également prouvé que l’alternance codique se présente aujourd’hui pour les Centrafricains comme une donne positive et une facilité de l’expression orale. / The aim of our research was to study the phenomenon of language contact of sängö, the national language of the Central African Republic with the French. The challenge was also to test some theoretical approaches to the case of code-switching sängö-french practiced by Central African speakers. The MLF of Myers-Scotton, model 4-M of Myers-Scotton and Jake, Syntactic constraints of Poplack an Gumperz, and Gumperz interpretative approach were adopted in this study on code-switching, while the theoretical prerequisite’s and maxims defined by Grice have been adopted for the thematic analysis of the corpus. This research is at the crossroads of several disciplines in the Humanities and Social Sciences, namely linguistics, sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics, semantics and pragmatics. After having described different theoretical and conceptual approaches, this Thesis focused on the analysis of different linguistic phenomena related to sängö contact with the French and the impact of this contact on the French word inserted in sängö statements or fully integrated by sängö. The study then focused on the different functions of code-switching sängö-French and the different manifestations of code switching in the turns speak. To go deep thoughts of bilingual speakers, the corpus has also been submitted to a thematic analysis based on the interpretative approach of Gumperz. Finally, this research has also shown that code switching is seen today by Central Africans as a positive phenomenon that facilitates the enunciation.

No description available.

Constructs for functional and logic programming can be smoothly integrated into an existing object-oriented language. We demonstrate this in the context of C++ (a statically-typed object-oriented language with effects and parametric polymorphism) via two libraries: FC++ and LC++. FC++ is a library for functional programming in C++; FC++ supports higher-order polymorphic functions, lazy lists, and a small lambda language; it also contains a large library of useful functions, datatypes, combinators, and monads. LC++ is a library for logic programming in C++; LC++ provides the same general functionality as Prolog, including the ability to return query results lazily (one at a time). Both libraries are embedded in C++ so that they share C++'s static type system, and the library interfaces provide straightforward ways for code from within one paradigm to ``call out' to another. Our work describes the techniques used to implement these libraries in C++ and shows that the resulting multiparadigm language has useful applications in real-world domains. We also describe how many of the implementation techniques can be generalized from C++ and applied to other programming languages to yield similar results.

in English This dissertation deals with one form of language contact in today's Dutch: the 'intrasentential codeswitching' between Dutch and English. The term 'intrasentential codeswitching' refers to such a bilingual situation in which the two languages have unequal roles: the so called matrix language (here: Dutch) determines the grammatical structure of codeswitching, and the so called embedded language (here: English) provides elements of various length which are inserted/embedded into the matrix frame. The definition of codeswitching which sees the phenomenon as a kind of insertion is based on Myers-Scotton's theories (1992, 2001, 2005) introduced in Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF-model). It is a structural model based on neuro- and psycho-linguistic research of language formation. The outcome of the research is a formulation of a set of grammatical hypotheses and principals which explain the codeswitching structure and which the author declares to be universally applicable to all language pairs. In this research, the Dutch-English codeswitching has been examined from a grammatical point of view. The research material consists of a written corpus, which contains 430 examples of Dutch-English mixed sentences. First of all, a morphological and syntactical analysis of the corpus has been...