La thèse présentera nos recherches sur le pronom personnel du chinois sur les plans syntaxique, sémantique et pragmatique. Les approches synchronique diachronique et typologique seront conjuguées pour étudier le nombre, et sa fonction. Les conclusions qui en découlent sont les suivantes: (1) La fusion phonétique du pronom personnel et la marque du pluriel «men » [+humain] se divise en quatre types et son évolution pourrait s’expliquer par le phénomène « cline » dans le processus de grammaticalisation.(2) La subjectivité et l’objectivité ont causé la différence fonctionnelle des pronoms. (3) Les noms et les démonstratifs constituent les sources du système pronominal en chinois. Le contexte permet au démonstratif d’évoluer vers le pronom personnel ; (4) La distribution des pronoms inclusif et exclusifs est répartie en deux groupes, nord et sud. La ligne de démarcation traverse le dialecte Hui (situé à Anhui). Au groupe nord, la lexicalisation et la grammaticalisation du système de pronom s’avèrent plus développées que le groupe du sud. Le besoin de la restructuration interne en langue chinoise est responsable de l’apparition des pronoms inclusif et exclusif, cette opposition est d’une part héritée du chinois ancien et d’autre part influencée par les langues Altaïques au nord. Le système du pronom personnel en chinois ancien et moderne, manifeste une forte tendance de simplification, ceci est également attesté dans toutes les langue Sinitiques. / In this thesis, we set the personal pronouns as the studying object. Based on the three planes of syntax, semantic and pragmatic, we combine the diachronic and synchronic investigation methods and do the research respectively from the perspectives of number category, functional performance, diachronic evolution and typological language. The conclusions are: (1) we divide the phonetics fusion of plural marker “men” [+ human] and personal pronouns into four types, and its evolution could be explained by the phenomenon "cline" in the process of grammaticalization. (2) The subjectivity and objectivity are the cause of the different functions of pronouns. (3) The nouns and demonstratives constitute the sources of the pronoun system in Chinese. The context is the fundamental reason that affects the evolution of demonstrative pronouns to personal pronouns. (4) The distribution of inclusive and exclusive pronouns is divided into two group, north and south. The boundary line is the Hui dialect (located in Anhui). In North group, the lexicalization and grammaticalization of the pronoun system are more developed than the southern group. The need for internal restructuring in the Chinese language is responsible for the development of inclusive and exclusive pronouns. This opposition is firstly inherited from ancient Chinese and partly influenced by the Altaic north. The system of the personal pronoun in ancient and modern Chinese shows strong simplification trend, which is also attested in all Sinitic languages.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoWC_TESE.pdf: 1356357 bytes, checksum: 3457505ffc57c43bafbc9be5a671f327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In the light of the Functional Linguistic Theory, in its North-American version (HOPPER, 1987, 1991, 1998, 2008, 2010; GIV?N, 2001; LEHMANN, 2002; HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 2003; FURTADO DA CUNHA; OLIVEIRA; MARTELOTTA, 2003, among others), the general objective of this research is to demonstrate, based on morphosyntactic and semantic-pragmatic properties, that AQUI (HERE), A?, ALI and L? (THERE) are part of an emerging paradigm in Brazilian Portuguese recently constituted and still developing of forms indicating specificity in indefinite noun phrases (NP). The data that make up the corpus of this research were collected in the following large Brazilian oral corpora: the Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998), the Banco Conversacional de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2010), the Projeto Varia??o Lingu?stica no Estado da Para?ba VALPB (HORA, 2005) and the Projeto Varia??o Lingu?stica Urbana na Regi?o Sul do Brasil VARSUL (VANDRESEN, 2002). Firstly, the behavior of the specificity markings AQUI, A?, ALI and L? is described with respect to many factors of morphosyntactic and semantic-pragmatic nature: type of construction in which the markers appeared; existence or not of intervening material between the specificity marker item and the NP s nuclear noun; type of noun to which AQUI, A?, ALI and L? are linked; syntactic function of the specified SN; informational status of the NP to which the specificity markers AQUI, A?, ALI and L? are attached; occurrence of conversational implicatures (GRICE, 1982) in the context of use of these specificity markers. Next, a possible grammaticalization trajectory is outlined, according to which AQUI, A?, ALI and L? would had gone from an early spatial deictic indication to the specificity indication. The results point to the existence of forms with varying degree of emergence in this new paradigm of nominal specification, with A? being, probably, the item most grammaticalized, followed by L?, then ALI and AQUI, which permanence in the paradigm do not yet appear to be consolidated / Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral mostrar, com base em propriedades morfossint?ticas e sem?ntico-pragm?ticas, que AQUI, A?, ALI e L? integram, no portugu?s brasileiro contempor?neo, um paradigma emergente de constitui??o recente e ainda em andamento de formas indicadoras de especificidade em sintagmas nominais indefinidos. Os dados que constituem o corpus desta pesquisa foram coletados em grandes corpora orais brasileiros, a saber: o Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998), o Banco Conversacional de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2011), o Projeto Varia??o Lingu?stica no Estado da Para?ba VALPB (HORA, 2005) e o Projeto Varia??o Lingu?stica Urbana na Regi?o Sul do Brasil VARSUL (VANDRESEN, 2002). Sob a perspectiva te?rica da Lingu?stica Funcional, em sua vertente norte-americana (HOPPER, 1987, 1991, 1998, 2008, 2010; GIV?N, 2001; LEHMANN, 2002; HOPPER; TRAUGOTT, 2003; FURTADO DA CUNHA; OLIVEIRA; MARTELOTTA, 2003, dentre outros), descreveu-se o comportamento de AQUI, A?, ALI e L? marcadores de especificidade no que diz respeito a fatores de natureza morfossint?tica e sem?ntico-pragm?tica. Os fatores considerados foram os seguintes: tipo de constru??o em que os marcadores apareceram; exist?ncia ou n?o de material interveniente entre o item marcador de especificidade e o nome nuclear do SN; natureza do substantivo ao qual AQUI, A?, ALI e L? se cliticizam; fun??o sint?tica do SN especificado e status informacional do SN adjungido a AQUI, A?, ALI e L? marcadores de especificidade. Buscou-se, ainda, verificar a ocorr?ncia de implicaturas conversacionais (GRICE, 1982) nos contextos de uso de AQUI, A?, ALI e L? marcadores de especificidade. Em seguida, procurou-se esbo?ar uma poss?vel trajet?ria de gramaticaliza??o por que AQUI, A?, ALI e L? marcadores de especificidade passaram, a partir de sua fun??o fonte de d?iticos espaciais, at? virem a integrar o SN indefinido