¡@After 2000, China started to research and to develop the ARJ21 Regional Jet and civil aviation industry, China put the civil aviation industry as the Emerging Industries of Strategic Importance and wished to drive the Chinese industrial structure upgrading. In addition, Chinese government is working on the constructions of regional aviation networks as well. Moreover Chinese government provides the subsidy policy to accelerate regional development and supply the basic aviation services. The regional aviation is the intersection of aviation industry and transport industry. It has great significance for China¡¦s political, economic and social development. ¡@This thesis is trying to explore the main significance to the regional aviation industry of China¡¦s politics, economy and society. Observing China¡¦s current difficulties, China faced by the development of the regional aviation industry. And this thesis will use the industrial policy as the main theory to analysis that when China facing those difficulties, the industrial policy can really help the government to solve those problems and reach the goals that Chinese government has expected. ¡@After research, China¡¦s domestic regional aviation market exists a market failure situation. Also, the civil aviation industry has to face the competition of the technical deficiencies and foreign manufacturers, both of them need the government¡¦s assistances. Actually, the government¡¦s role is much weaker, and can¡¦t really help airline industries to reduce deficit in a difficult environment, so the government needs to invest much more resources. ¡@However, Chinese regional aviation industrial policies are not really failed. Nowadays, the aviation industry has been totally changed, it reached not only the technical skills which China¡¦s government pursued, but also reached the goal that v upgraded the industrial structure. Therefore we can¡¦t arbitrary thinks that Chinese regional aviation industrial policies are failure, but it really shows the limitation of the policies. How to overcome the limitations of the industrial policies is the greatest challenge that Chinese government has to face for.

In emergent high technology industries, entrepreneurs and their new ventures play a critical role in enhancing economic growth. In these industries, we can easily see some new ventures grow more rapidly to outperform their competitors. However, looking beyond the surface, new ventures’ growth path is idiosyncratic. More specifically, when growing, new ventures pursue different paths in terms of 1) which technologies they develop, 2) which products they make, and 3) what markets they enter. The question that has struck me is why high-tech new ventures differ on these key strategic choices. Building on literature on entrepreneurship, strategy, industry evolution, and network, this dissertation tries to answer this important question by focusing on intra-firm factors, more specifically, the individual and structural attributes of new ventures. Types of founder experience and new ventures’ knowledge structure are examined in depth. My three studies, each presented as a separate essay herein, investigate how individual (i.e. founder experience) and structural attributes (i.e. knowledge structure) affect key strategic choices regarding i) product market scope (Wernerfelt and Montgomery, 1988), ii) technological search scope (Katila and Ahuja, 2002), and iii) the types of new products (Sanchez and Mahoney, 1996; Henderson and Clark, 1990), respectively. In each, I discuss the relevant theories, methodology, data sources, results and implications. By investigating intra-firm factors that trigger different entrepreneurial strategies, my dissertation responds to an important call – micro-foundation of strategy formation – thus filling a key gap in the entrepreneurship literature. / Business Administration/Strategic Management

This dissertation unpacks "innovation" along its constituent dimensions, namely technological, geographic, and people. I study how these dimensions interact among each other to define the course or trajectory of innovation. The setting for this study is the global wind power industry, a rapidly evolving innovation-intensive emerging industry. The innovations are studied at two levels - location-level and firm-level. At the location-level, I measure breadth and depth of innovation along the three dimensions. I then examine how the innovation breadth and depth at a location impact the locations' innovation performance. I find negative curvilinear effects for both but breadth having a larger impact than depth. Since breadth has the potential to develop earlier than depth, I argue that late entering new locations can catch-up faster with leading incumbent locations in emerging industries. At the firm-level, I study the development of firm's innovation capabilities. A special focus is given to emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) as they start with lower amounts of technological and market knowledge but exhibit a fast catch-up to get on par with the industry leading advanced economy multinationals (AMNEs). EMNEs are catching up with AMNEs even in emerging, high technology industries, where their knowledge-based disadvantages are most severe. I explain this phenomenon by distinguishing between output and innovation capabilities. By comparing the knowledge bases of an industry leading AMNE and a fast follower EMNE, I find that AMNE's knowledge base is deeper and composed of more distinct technology groups than that of the EMNE. Thus, although the EMNE has caught up in terms of output capabilities, it still lags in terms of innovation capabilities. Next, I study closely the process of innovation catch-up by analyzing firms' R&D internationalization strategies. I study EMNE R&D internationalization by comparing it to that by AMNE to find that its purpose and drivers are different for EMNEs. While the internationalization of AMNEs' R&D activities can to a large extent be explained in terms of the twin strategies of competence exploitation and competence creation, EMNE R&D internationalization is rooted in the firms' overall catch-up strategy to get on par with industry leaders. An in-depth comparison of knowledge flows reveals that within AMNEs, headquarters often serves the primary source of knowledge for R&D subsidiaries. In contrast, within EMNEs, headquarters accesses knowledge from R&D subsidiaries in advanced economies for innovation catch-up. Within this dichotomy, accessing is more difficult and slower than sourcing making EMNE innovation catch-up harder and slower. / Business Administration/Strategic Management