Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin, 1869. / Includes quotations in English, German, and French. Includes bibliographical references.

Thèse--Université de Genève.

Theses (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains vi, 59 p. Bibliography: p. 54-57.

Thesis (M. A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2006. / Title from PDF title page screen. Advisor: Jill E. Fuller; submitted to the Dept. of Sociology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-80).

This study deals with that minority segment of the German immigration population which, as evidenced by hospitalization for mental illness, has failed to make a satisfactory adjustment in Canada. Heavy environmental demands of a new country, or personal and social inadequacies, or a combination of both factors, have been held responsible for such failures. This exploratory study seeks to throw light on either interpretation. It examines clinical information, and suggests ways of analyzing case histories so that environmental and personal factors contributing to mental illness, can be more closely investigated. For the purpose of intensive study, ten case records of German immigrants were carefully selected, and were compared with those of twenty Canadian-born patients chosen on the same basis of elimination. The material available was analyzed, and classified with a view to underlining the correlating or diverging factors in the functioning of both groups. The extracted findings led to an assessment scheme in the areas of economic and work capacities, social and personal factors, applicable to individual patients and to comparable groups. A rating scale was designed which could become a measuring tool for present or future functional capacities. In spite of the small numbers used and of the analytical limitations, this attempt resulted in some well-marked similarities and deviations. To supplement this method, two composite examples of patients, reflecting causative influences in the social diagnosis, are presented. The outstanding result of this study is the emergence of similarities rather than differences between the German and Canadian patient groups. This suggests that the impact of immigration stress cannot be solely responsible for mental illness in the German group. Migration to a completely unfamiliar country, it is assumed, renders certain dormant inadequacies, for example in social relations, more prominent than a pattern of mobility or instability in one's native country would do. However, in both groups there is also the indication of low-grade functioning in economic, social and personal areas, and evidence that personal, as well as precipitating situational forces, could be accountable for mental illness in both. This experimental study strongly suggests the need for further research in this field along the same lines. However, some social work implications can be, and have been drawn from the study. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

This dissertation gives a brief background of the development of Canada in the period preceding Confederation. In this is included a short account of the plans for acquiring land the acquisition of the North-West Territories. Then follows an account of the development of dominion policy regarding the disposition of the Crown lands and the attempts to attract settlers to farm those lands. The building of the first transcontinental railroad is also briefly treated. Some attention is given to the early settlements, both foreign and British, and the reasons for the failure of much of the government effort in that field. The study of the great period of development in the years following 1896, the work of Sifton in bringing about the expansion of settlement, increasing immigration, building additional railroads, stimulating the colonization companies, and the resulting increase in all branches of industry, is them made, in more detail. The decline of immigration as a result of depression and the disappearance of the free homestead is then studied, and finally the effect of World War I on immigration. The following section treats of the post-war period and its curtailed immigration and of the efforts of the governments to stimulate immigration through the British Empire Settlement Scheme, especially in the application of this scheme to Canada. This leads to a brief discussion of the gradual ending of immigration as a result of the depression of 1930 and the passing of the restrictive acts that were enacted to limit the entry of immigrants to those considered "desirable". The growth of industries besides as the basic one of agriculture is briefly studied. The Oriental section deals briefly with the coming of the Chinese, the growth of opposition to them, the struggle between Ottawa and Victoria on the subject of the control of Chinese immigration. The immigration of the Japanese is next considered, with comment on the difference of attitude on the part of the Dominion government toward the Chinese and the Japanese and the reasons for this difference. A brief study is made of the Indian problem and its special difficulty because of the fact that these East Indians were British subjects. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

The plight of the impecunious unmarried gentlewoman is a familiar theme in Victorian social history. Historians have ransacked literary sources to demonstrate the misery of the Victorian governess and the depth of a dilemma that was sufficiently serious to generate the feminist movement. Yet there has been no systematic study of the changing fate of the Victorian "distressed gentlewoman" in the face of all the attempts by reformers and philanthropists to improve her position during the nineteenth century. The problem of writing a social history of the Victorian middle-class spinster has been aggravated by the paucity of appropriate sources. This study is based on the records of contemporary female emigration societies and Colonial Office emigration projects, and on the personal correspondence of some emigrants. It investigates the position of distressed gentlewomen from 1830 to 1914, and explains the results of one popular remedy for their dilemma: emigration. Only in the latter half of the nineteenth century did voluntary organizations establish facilities expressly for the emigration of middle-class women. Yet some early-Victorian gentlewomen were sufficiently hard pressed to use the facilities of working-class organizations to escape from difficult circumstances in Britain. The emigration records permit a closer analysis of the social backgrounds and careers of some Victorian gentlewomen than has hitherto been possible. Throughout the nineteenth century in Britain there was an increasing surplus of women of marriageable age. This intensified the problems of middle-class women who were without any means of financial support. The Victorian social code stressed marriage as the most respectable career for women, and for those unable to achieve that status the employment field was confined, in large measure, to the overcrowded and exploited occupation of the governess. For women with only mediocre qualifications for teaching who were accustomed to the relative leisure of the middle-class home the need to find employment could come as a rude shock, and usually involved a certain loss of caste. The economic problems of distressed gentlewomen are familiar, but it is not generally recognized that many of them suffered from what we today call alienation. Emigration, more than any possible occupation in Britain, was able to alleviate this sense of alienation by providing remunerative work in combination with secure social relations, a combination rarely enjoyed by the working gentlewoman in Britain. In the British colonies a gentlewoman could safely become a domestic servant without losing social rank and the companionship of her employers. Yet several factors prevented large numbers of distressed gentlewomen from taking advantage of emigration. The early-Victorian prejudice against female emigration, the preference of the colonists for working-class women, the rigid principles of the feminists and the insistence of British emigration organizations on expensive preliminary domestic training raised formidable barriers against the emigration of most impecunious gentlewomen. When, in the late-Victorian and Edwardian periods, voluntary organizations used the rhetoric of the Victorian feminine civilizing mission to encourage large numbers of educated women to emigrate, it was well-trained lower-middle-class women seeking professional work who benefited most, and not the less qualified distressed gentlewomen. The latter had not profited from the late-Victorian advances in female education; rather, the resulting competition worsened their relative position in the search for employment. Neither emigration nor the achievements of the feminists could solve the problem of the distressed gentlewoman, a problem which remained acute while the Victorian social code survived. Only the decline of that social code and the mass-mobilization of the female labour force during the First World War eliminated the existence of distressed gentlewomen as an important social problem. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

In this dissertation, the effectiveness of three Polish return migration programs will be analysed against a combination of return migration theories and economic channels. It will examine the motivations behind their conception, and the services, grants or initiatives implemented with the aim of addressing the needs of new and existing migrants, improving communication channels, and most importantly, developing the environment, means and incentives that will attract migrants to return to their homeland. Any failures to properly identify and address the needs, desires and aspirations of migrants with the structure of the return migration programs greatly delimit the success of the respective program through lesser participation and diminished societal impact.

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