Law Wing-Man Rita. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-33). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / English version --- p.v / Chinese version --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Importance of Relationships and Avoidance of Interpersonal Harm --- p.1 / Regulation of Hostility by Cognitive Adjustments --- p.2-3 / Plausible Psychological Mechanism Behind the Regulation of Hostility --- p.3-6 / Purposes and Design of the Present Study --- p.6-7 / Cross-Cultural Examinations --- p.7-8 / Hypotheses of the Present Study --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method / Participants --- p.9 / Procedure --- p.9 / Measurement scales --- p.9-12 / Overview of the Data Analyses --- p.12-14 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results / Means and Zero-Order Correlations --- p.15-18 / Testing the Measurement Model Across Cultures --- p.18-19 / Testing the Validity of the Original Models Across Cultures --- p.23-24 / Testing Model A with Familiarity Across Cultures / Chapter ■ --- Testing Factor Invariance --- p.19-20 / Chapter ■ --- Testing Path Invariance in the Final Model --- p.20-22 / Explained Variances for Hostility --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion / Rejecting Model B Across All Cultures --- p.2 / Accepting Model A Across All Cultures --- p.24-25 / Pancultural Model of Interpersonally triggered Hostility --- p.25 / Culture-Specific Properties of the Model --- p.25-26 / The Role of Familiarity --- p.26-27 / Relationships Among Variables From Original Model A --- p.27-28 / Implications of Cultural Effects --- p.29 / Limitations and Implications for Further Studies --- p.29-30 / Closing Remarks --- p.30-31 / References --- p.32-33 / Tables / "Table 1: Means and Standard Deviations of Variables, Along With Scale Properties" --- p.16 / Table 2: Correlations Among Variables in the Four Cultural Groups --- p.17 / Table 3: Findings of Tests for Path Invariance --- p.21 / Figures / Figure 1: Model A (with Modified Measures) --- p.4 / Figure 2. Model B (with Modified Measures) --- p.5 / Figure 3. Model A with Familiarity --- p.13 / Appendix / Items on the Questionnaire --- p.34-36

The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was developed in an attempt to provide a standardised tool to elicit and measure emotions for research purposes. The IAPS is unique, in that it is completely pictorially based. An emotional response is stimulated by the pictures, which are then used to measure the emotional response. This has obvious benefits in South Africa. The overall aim of this study was to conduct a cross-cultural exploration of the IAPS, with a sample of South African university students, in order to come to an initial understanding of the measure’s performance within the South African context. A quantitative methodology was used, in order to reach the research aim and objectives. The overall research approach was exploratory and descriptive in nature and the actual data gathering consisted of a single measurement instance. The procedure for this study was based on that used by the developers of the IAPS to norm the instrument. Convenience sampling was used, resulting in a total sample of 169 participants, 31 male, and 136 female. For analysis purposes, participants were grouped according to a race and language combination, thus operationalising ethnicity. This resulted in four primary ethnic groupings. In summary, it was found that a large number of items seem to travel well in terms of equivalence. The correlations achieved and affective space plot are consistent with that outlined in the IAPS instruction manual, and are similar to international studies using the same procedure. However, when items were examined in greater detail, statistically significant differences raised concerns about the level of equivalence and suggested that not all items travel equally well. Similarly, although many items were statistically similar between the South African ethnic groups, differences were also found on specific items.