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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1943.

Orientador: Maria da Luz Rosario de Sousa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T12:41:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hoffmann_RosanaH.Schlittler_M.pdf: 1436970 bytes, checksum: 15a723068d00073e76dd8a336913bb2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: As mudanças ocorridas durante a formação do esmalte dental são marcadas permanentemente em sua estrutura e comumente se apresentam como opacidades demarcadas, opacidades difusas ou hipoplasias - de esmalte. - O desenvolvimento de defeitos de esmalte pode fornecer indícios de sua etiologia e isto pode ter implicações tanto clínicas quanto epidemiológicas. Desta forma, os objetivos desta dissertação apresentados na forma de dois artigos foram: 1 - Verificar a prevalência de hipoplasia, opacidade demarcada e opacidade difusa em pré-escolares e escolares no município de Indaiatuba (SP) no ano de 2004 nas dentições decídua e permanente, bem como analisar a associação entre a presença desses defeitos de esmalte e cárie dentária; 2 - Verificar a prevalência de hipoplasia, opacidade demarcada e opacidade difusa em pré-escolares de 18 municípios da região de Campinas e Piracicaba (SP) no ano de 2004 na dentição decídua, bem como analisar a associação entre a presença desses defeitos de esmalte e cárie dentária. No estudo 1, a amostra foi de 624 pré-escolares de 5 anos de escolas públicas e particulares e 309 escolares de 12 anos de escolas públicas de Indaiatuba. No estudo 2 a amostra foi composta por 4.259 pré-escolares de 5 anos de 18 municípios da região de Campinas e Piracicaba. Avaliou-se a prevalência de cárie dentária através dos Índices ceo-d (dentição decídua) e CPO-D (dentição permanente) e a prevalência dos defeitos de esmalte através do Índice DOE. A existência de associação entre defeitos de esmalte e cárie dentária foi verificada com o teste Qui-quadrado. O valor para rejeição da hipótese nula foi p:sO,05. No estudo 1, na dentição decídua, encontrou-se uma prevalência para hipoplasia, opacidade demarcada e opacidade difusa de 8,7%, 20,9% e 17,1%, respectivamente. Já na dentição permanente, foi encontrada a prevalência de 5,5% para hipoplasia, 20,1% para opacidade demarcada e 26,2% para opacidade difusa. Entre as crianças de 5 anos com experiêRcia de cárie (ceo>O), foi observado uma associação entre cárie dentária com as alterações de esmalte (opacidade demarcada, hipoplasia e opacidade difusa) entretanto entre as crianças de 12 anos (dentição permanente) apenas as hipolasias e opacidades demarcadas foram associadas a presença de cárie. No estudo 2, foi encontrada menor prevalência de opacidades demarcadas e hipoplasias nos pré-escolares livres de cárie (p<0,05). O mesmo não ocorreu com as opacidades difusas, ou seja, não houve diferença entFe os indivíduos com ceo=O e ceo>O (p=0,88). Quando se verificou a associação entre cárie dentária e defeitos de esmalte segundo a etnia, esta relação perdeu o significado no grupo dos não brancos (p=0,880) entretanto no grupo de bra'ncos a cárie dentária manteve associação com defeitos de esmalte (p=O,OOO). Desta forma, cabe salientar a importância da discriminação dos tipos de defeitos em levantamentos epidemiológicos, visto Que os resultados deste estudo indicaram maior chance de crianças virem a ter cárie dentária, tanto na dentição decídua como na permanente na presença de defeitos de esmalte, porém mais estudos são necessários para comprovação desta associação / Abstract: Changes in enamel during development are permanently recorded, and commonly present as demarcated opacity, diffuse opacity or enamel hypoplasia. Developmental enamel defects may provide clues regarding their etiology, resulting in clinical, epidemiological and anthropological implications. Therefore, the aims of the present study based on two manuscripts were: 1) to analyze hypoplasia, demarcated and diffuse opacity prevalence of deciduous and permanent teeth and verify the association of enamel defects and dental caries among preschool and scholars children in lndaiatuba, São Paulo in 2004; and 2) to analyze hypoplasia, demarcated and diffuse opacity prevalence on deciduous teeth and verify the association of enamel defects and dental caries among preschool children in 18 municipalities of Campinas aod Piracicaba region,in 2004. At manuscript 1, the sample consisted of 624 5-year olds from public and private schools and 309 12-year olds from public schools. At manuscript 2, the sample consisted of 4,259 5-year olds from 18 municipalities in Campinas and Piracicaba region. ln both studies the dmft lndex was used to analyze caries prevalence in deciduous teeth. ln the second study the DMFT was used to analyze caries prevalence in permanent teeth. The DDE lndex was used to assess enamel defects. The Chi-square test verified the possible association between enamel defects and dental caries. At manuscript 1, the prevalence of hypoplasia, demarcated and diffuse opacity in the primary dentition was 8.7%, 20.9%, and 11 %, respectively, while in the permanent dentition, such prevalence was 5.5%, 20.1%, and 21.7%, respectively. An association between dental caries and enamel defects (hypoplasia, demarcated opacity and diffuse opacity) was observed among children presenting caries experience (dmft>O) at age 5. However, in 12-year olds only hypoplasia and demarcated opacity were observed to be associated with caries presence. At manuscript 2, lower prevalence of demarcated opacity and hypoplasia among caries free preschool children. There was no difference among individuais presenting dmf=O and dmf>O (p=O.88) for diffuse opacities. At manuscript 2, the association between dental caries and enamel defects was verified according to ethnicity, this association lost its meaning at non white group (p=O.880); however, statistic significance was observed for dental caries associated with enamel defects in the white group (p=O.OOO). Thus, different types of defects should be more emphasized in epidemiological surveys because these defects might indicate a higher risk of dental caries as in both deciduous and permanent dentition; therefore, further studies are needed to investigate this association / Mestrado / Cariologia / Mestre em Odontologia

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Göteborg, 1983. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes the author's seven published papers. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Göteborg, 1983. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes the author's seven published papers. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Maria Valeriana Leme de Moura-Ribeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T01:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_KatiaMariaDmytraczenko_M.pdf: 2999636 bytes, checksum: 50217c1194a5170e4458815b3e813e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo observacional com grupo controle foi: a) verificar a presença de defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte (DDE) em dentes decíduos de crianças nascidas pré-termo (PT) e com baixo peso, e um grupo controle de nascidos a termo e com peso normal; b) investigar possíveis fatores etiológicos pré-natais e neonatais associados à presença dos DDE; c) situar as hipoplasias, de acordo com sua localização, como pré-natais ou pós-natais, segundo tabelas de cronologia de mineralização. Cada grupo foi formado por 61 crianças, examinadas entre 18 ¿ 35 meses de idade; todas nascidas no Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher ¿ Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Foi adotado o critério da FDI para a avaliação odontológica. Os dados da história médica foram colhidos retrospectivamente do prontuário do hospital. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através dos testes de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. A freqüência encontrada entre pré-termos foi 57.4% de DDE, 52.5 % de opacidades e 21.3 % de hipoplasia. No grupo controle, 24.6% apresentaram DDE, 24.6% tiveram opacidades e 3.3%, hipoplasia. Os DDE estiveram significativamente associados com o nascimento PT e com baixo peso (p <0.001). Após a regressão logística multivariada, a apnéia permaneceu como a variável mais associada aos DDE. Pode-se concluir que crianças nascidas PT e com baixo peso apresentaram maior prevalência de DDE que aquelas nascidas a termo e com peso normal. O fator neonatal apnéia teve associação significativa com DDE. No entanto, cumpre ressaltar que utilizando os DDE como marcadores biológicos, estes defeitos localizados na porção de esmalte formado no período pré-natal indicam uma agressão sistêmica ocorrida neste período. Existem muitos aspectos a serem considerados na prematuridade ou no recém-nascido submetido a um processo hipóxico-isquêmico. Os DDE, utilizados como marcadores biológicos, podem ser um dado a mais na compreensão dos fatores sistêmicos envolvidos na prematuridade ou na lesão do SNC e suas conseqüências / Abstract: The purpose of this observational study with control group was: a) verify the presence of developmental enamel defects (DDE) in deciduous teeth of infants born preterm (PT) and with low birthweight and in a control group of infants born full term and with normal birthweight; b) investigate possible prenatal and postnatal etiologic factors associated with DDE; c) classify hypoplasias according to their location as prenatal or postnatal, following mineralization tables. Each group was formed by 61 children, examined between 18 and 35 months of age; all born at the Center for Integral Assistance to Women¿s Health ¿ State University of Campinas. FDI criteria were followed for dental examination. Medical data was collected retrospectively from hospital records. The statistic analysis was performed with the Mann-Whitney, chi-square and Fisher¿s exact test, wherever appropriate. Among preterms, 57.4% had some type of DDE, 52.5 % had opacities and 21.3 % presented hypoplasia. Among full terms, 24.6% presented DDE, 24.6% had opacities and 3.3% had hypoplasia. DDE were significantly associated with preterm birth and low birth weight (p< 0.001). After the multivariate logistic regression, apnea remained as the variable most strongly associated with DDE. Concluding, infants born preterm and with low birthweight presented a higher prevalence of DDE than those born full term and with normal birth weight. The neonatal variable apnea presented a statistically significant association with DDE. Nevertheless, using DDE as biological markers, the defects observed in the tooth enamel formed during the neonatal period indicate that a systemic insult occurred in this period. There are many aspects that must be considered in prematurity and in infants that suffered hypoxic ischemic insults. DDE, used as biological markers, may be an additional element in the study of the variety of factors involved in prematurity or insults to the Central Nervous System and its consequences / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Microabrasion with PREMA Compound (Premier Dental Product Co., King of Prussia, Penn.) has been advocated for the removal of superficial enamel stains. This procedure eliminates stains by removing a microscopic layer of enamel. The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of PREMA microabrasion prior to orthodontic bonding affects the tensile bond strength of an adhesive precoated stainless steel orthodontic bracket. Sixty noncarious extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 20 and stored in 3-percent buffered formalin solution. Group I was a control group that was etched and bonded in the usual manner. Group II received PREMA Compound microabrasion immediately prior to bonding. Group III received PREMA microabrasion followed by a six-week storage period prior to bonding. After bonding, specimens were thermocycled and stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 14 days. The specimens were then loaded to failure in the tensile mode of an Instron testing machine (Instron Corp., Canton, Mass.). A stress-breaking apparatus was utilized to minimize all forces other than tensile. The data was statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance at the 0.05 level. No statistically significant differences were found among the three groups. From these results it was concluded that microabrasion with PREMA did not affect bond strength. Enamel microabrasion can be provided prior to orthodontic treatment without any detriment to bracket bond strength.

The objective of this study was the assessment of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) in early medieval Great Moravian population sample - Rajhrad. Linear enamel hypoplasia represents the disruption of enamel matrix secretion during the growth of the tooth crown, which is related to a generalized growth disturbance. This is why it is considered as a nonspecific stress marker. The incidence of LEH could reflect stress factors during the life of early medieval population. The aim of this study was to asses the frequency and timing of the LEH. The incidence of LEH was supposed to be high because of poorer nature of this cemetery. The results of our study could confirm or falsify this assumption and determine relation between LEH and socio-economic status. The timing of LEH was estimated from regression equations consisting of distance from LEH to CEJ (cemento-enamel junction) and crown height of upper and lower canines. 108 individuals from approximately 4 - 15 years were observed. The frequency was high according to the assumption - 88 %. That confirms poorer life conditions. The range of mean age of LEH formation was from 2,94 - 4,72 years in individuals with multiple LEH incidence. The mean age of single LEH formation was approximately 3,98 years. The earliest onset of LEH in the pooled sample occurred...