Au cours des dernières décennies du XXème siècle, dans le monde occidental, les politiques destinées à protéger l’enfance ont subi de profonds changements. D’abord, suite à la découverte de la maltraitance infantile dans les années 60 aux États-Unis, à sa constitution comme problème social durant les décennies suivantes et à son expansion bien au-delà des frontières nord-américaines. Ensuite, avec la ratification par la plupart des pays du monde d’un traité international qui reconnaît l’enfant comme un sujet de droits (1989). Cette thèse a cherché à comprendre d’une part, comment ces transformations globales se sont ancrées en Argentine et comment leur imbrication a donné lieu à la mise en place de la politique contemporaine de protection de l’enfant en danger. D’une autre, s’appuyant sur une ethnographie des services de protection de l’enfance situés dans les quartiers populaires de la Ville de Buenos Aires, cette recherche s’est interrogée sur la prise en charge quotidienne de la maltraitance infantile. À partir de l’analyse des discours et des pratiques des intervenants, elle cherche à comprendre les modalités et les implications du traitement politique et moral de l’enfant en danger dans le monde contemporain. / During the last few decades of the 20th century, state policies aimed at protecting children underwent profound changes across the Western world. These changes can be attributed, first and foremost, to the “discovery” of child abuse in the 1960s in the United States, its construction as a social problem and repercussions across the globe in the following decades. On the other hand, the ratification of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the (1989) by most countries in the world contributed to this process of change.This thesis explores how these global transformations were translated in Argentina into a national policy for the protection of endangered children. Based on an ethnographic study on child protection services in poor neighborhoods in the city of Buenos Aires, the day-to-day management of child abuse is examined. An analysis of the local discourses and practices of state agents provides insight into the methods and implications of the political and moral treatment of endangered children in the world today.

The diploma thesis deals with the definition and explanation of the terms primary prevention, endangered child, social exclusion and the context of social exclusion or endangerment of a child by social exclusion with primary prevention. Component part of the work is a detection tool that can help kindergarten teachers in evaluating the child and his situation, so that any problems can be detected in time. Areas that the detection tool deals with and how it has been evolved are described here. It also suggests possible procedures for solving problems based on the cooperation of the kindergarten teacher with a special pedagogue. It points out the shortcomings of the current system and suggests possible changes to the system with regard to streamlining the primary prevention of endangering children (in kindergartens). Component part of the diploma thesis is research based on qualitative and quantitative methods, especially interviews and questionnaire surveys, the aim of which was, among other things, to map the primary prevention of threats to children in kindergartens and to map compulsory preschool attendance. Primary prevention of endangering children in kindergartens is not possible, primarily for children with disabilities or at risk of social exclusion, and with regard to this issue it is...