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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

External Financing of Swedish Living Labs

Olsson, Johanna, Yvell, Lovisa January 2016 (has links)
The building and housing sector is often described as one of the most conservative sectors within society and is today facing a slow technical progress and a significant difference between technically possible solutions and socially accepted ones. An initiative trying to solve this problem by decreasing the lead times within this sector is KTH Live-In Lab, a living lab that is supposed to open during fall 2017. As KTH Live-In Lab is a new concept, the labs management has not yet decided how the lab should work with external funding. The purpose of this study is to investigate if and how Swedish living labs should work with external financing when funding their everyday business and at the same time manage to ensure increased innovation and societal impact. In order to do this, the study investigates suitable market positions, possible value propositions and different sources of external funding that would suit Swedish living labs. This study has been carried out using an inductive research approach and the results have been based upon an extensive literature review as well as fourteen semi-structured interviews held with potential stakeholders to KTH Live-In Lab. Overall, this study concludes that it is possible for Swedish living labs, and more specifically KTH Live-In Lab, to use external funding and still be able to ensure increased innovation and societal impact. This by adopting a market position as a demonstration arena or a test bed and communicate the economical aspects of participating and the possibilities for co-creation with other actors. In order to create a sustainable financial framework, it is further suggested that a variety of external funding methods should be used. When identifying suitable external investors, two factors were considered: the external financier’s requested return on investment as well as its overall objectives for funding KTH Live-In Lab. This induce that governmental funding, industry funding as well as crowd funding are suitable means to fund the overall business of KTH Live-In Lab as well as its projects. This as neither of these methods require ownership or a degree of influence that decrease KTH Live-In Lab’s ability to make a societal impact. However, this suggestion also includes having a network of private equity investors as well as lenders connected to the lab. / Bygg- och bostadssektorn beskrivs ofta som en av samhällets mest konservativa sektorer där skillnaderna mellan tekniskt utvecklade och socialt accepterade lösningar är stora. Ett försök till att minska ledtiderna inom bygg- och bostadssektorn är KTH Live-In Lab, ett levande laboratorium som förväntas öppna hösten 2017. Eftersom KTH Live-In Lab är ett nytt koncept har labbets ledning ännu inte beslutat hur verksamheten ska jobba med extern finansiering. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om och hur svenska levande laboratorier kan arbeta med extern finansiering i sin dagliga verksamhet och samtidigt kunna säkerställa att utvecklingen av ny innovation och bidraget till en ökad samhällspåverkan inte hämmas. För att uppfylla syftet undersöker studien vilka marknadspositioner, värdeerbjudanden och typer av extern finansiering som eventuellt skulle vara lämpade för svenska levande laboratorier. Studien har utförts genom att anamma ett induktivt arbetssätt och resultatet har baserats på en omfattande litteraturstudie och 14 semistrukturerade intervjuer som utförts med potentiella intressenter till KTH Live-In Labs verksamhet. Studiens övergripande slutsats är att det kommer vara möjligt för svenska levande laboratorier, och mer specifikt KTH Live-In Lab, att använda extern finansiering och samtidigt säkerställa ny innovation och en ökad samhällspåverkan. Detta genom att anta en marknadsposition som en demonstrationsarena eller testbädd och kommunicera de ekonomiska fördelarna och möjligheterna till samarbete med andra aktörer som uppstår inom labbet. För att skapa ett hållbart ramverk för finansieringen har det föreslagits att flera olika metoder för extern finansiering ska användas parallellt. Vid identifieringen av lämpliga externa finansiärer har hänsyn tagits till två olika faktorer; externa finansierares förväntade avkastning och deras övergripande syfte med finansieringen av KTH Live-In Lab. Detta visade på att statlig finansiering, finansiering från industrin och crowdfunding kan ses som lämpliga finansieringsmetoder för KTH Live-In Labs övergripande verksamhet eftersom ingen av dessa finansieringsmetoder efterfrågar ägarandelar eller inflytande i den mån att det skulle få en påverkan på KTH Live-In Labs möjlighet att bidra till en positiv samhällspåverkan. Det framtagna ramverket inkluderar även ett nätverk av riskkapitalister och ett samarbete med långivare.
242

Solar-Biomass hybrid system for process heat supply in medium scale hotels in Sri Lanka

Abeywardana, Asela M.A.J. January 2016 (has links)
This study aimed at evaluating and demonstrating the feasibility of using Concentrated Solar Thermal technology combined with biomass energy technology as a hybrid renewable energy system to supply the process heat requirements in small scale industries in Sri Lanka. Particularly, the focus was to apply the concept to the expanding hotel industry, for covering the thermal energy demand of a medium scale hotel. Solar modules utilize the rooftop area of the building to a valuable application. Linear Fresnel type of solar concentrator is selected considering the requirement of the application and the simplicity of fabrication and installation compared to other technologies. Subsequently, a wood-fired boiler is deployed as the steam generator as well as the balancing power source to recover the effects due to the seasonal variations in solar energy. Bioenergy, so far being the largest primary energy supply in the country, has a good potential for further growth in industrial applications like small hotels.  When a hotel with about 200-guests capacity and annual average occupancy of 65% is considered, the total annual CO2 saving is accounted as 207 tons compared with an entirely fossil fuel (diesel) fired boiler system. The annual operational cost saving is around $ 40,000 and the simple payback period is within 3-4 years. The proposed hybrid system can generate additional 26 employment opportunities in the proximity of the site location area.   This solar-biomass hybrid concept mitigates the weaknesses associated with these renewable technologies when employed separately. The system has been designed in such a way that the total heat demand of hot water and process steam supply is managed by renewable energy alone. It is thus a self-sustainable, non-conventional, renewable energy system. This concept can be stretched to other critical medium temperature applications like for example absorption refrigeration. The system is applicable to many other industries in the country where space requirement is available, solar irradiance is rich and a solid biomass supply is assured.
243

Performance Improvement of a Diesel Engine Power Plant with Optimal Utilization of Waste Heat

Kithsiri, Udalamattha Gamage January 2016 (has links)
Due to temperature and humidity deviations from the standard ISO conditions in real operational conditions in the tropical countries the performance of diesel engines used for power generation drops significantly. One of the reasons for dropping the engine performance is due to engine de-rating, hence increasing the specific fuel consumption. The present study was undertaken to develop a model for predicting whether the prevailing site conditions cause de-rating at a specific power plant in Sri Lanka.   The model was developed with the aid of recorded information in previous studies and was validated with site conditions revenant to a selected location in Sri Lanka. In the study a set of equations was developed corresponding to different temperatures to predict engine de-rating as a function of relative air humidity.   To achieve the required standard conditions in view of avoiding any de-rating of the engines, the charge air temperature needed to be reduced. For this purpose an absorption chiller system was proposed and designed to be operated with the waste heat recovery from the power plant. It proved that implementation of such a system is technically and economically feasible with a simple payback period of three and a half years on the capital invested.   This derived model was applied to actual operational data of the selected power plant and finally it was found a derated power of 417 kW could be fully recovered by conditioning the temperature and humidity of charge air to obtain the ISO conditions, giving a benefit equivalent fuel savings of 2233 kg/day.
244

Electrification planning in Zimbabwe : A GIS-based approach

Krakau, Olivia January 2016 (has links)
In Zimbabwe, the access to electricity is significantly low, especially in rural areas. This inhibits the economic and social development of the country. In order to tackle energy poverty, the government aims at improving the electrification rate from around 40 % to 100 % by 2040. The objective of this study is to investigate the optimal electrification pathways for Zimbabwe, in order to achieve its energy access goals and support the sustainable energy transition in the country. The electrification analysis was accomplished by using the Open Source Spatial Electrification Toolkit (ONSSET) developed by Division of Energy System Analysis at The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. A geographic information system operator was fed with open source data. The data was processed and utilized as input in a Visual Basic model in Microsoft Excel. Along with assumptions on population growth, diesel price and cost for renewable energy technologies and the grid, several scenarios were developed and assessed. The model ultimately provided an estimation of the total investment and capacity requirements, the lower possible levelized cost of electricity achieved per settlement and the optimal geospatial distribution among the suggested technological solutions.  The results show that the grid will become more important with higher electricity consumption. When the cost of the grid increases, the optimal technology solution will be more stand-alone technologies in the low demand scenarios and more mini grid and stand-alone in the high demand scenarios. The total investment costs vary between 29.10 and 83.67 billion USD and the total added capacity between 494.42 to 2,769.27 MW for the chosen scenarios.  The Open Source Spatial Electrification Toolkit can hence be used to investigate probable outcome in order to achieve the energy target in Zimbabwe by 2040. The model presents the total investment cost, the levelized cost of electricity and the technology distribution and a visualization of the results gives a clear view of the possible outcomes in the future and can be used as recommendations for stakeholders engaged in energy planning. / För att säkerställa ekonomisk och social utveckling i ett land är tillgången till elektricitet nödvändig. I Zimbabwe saknar 80 % av befolkningen på landsbygden och 20 % av den urbana befolkningen tillgång till elektricitet. Det nationella målet är att alla ska ha tillgång till elektricitet år 2040. Målet med studien är att undersöka hur detta mål kan uppnås genom implementering av Open Source Spatial Electrification Toolkit (ONSSET), utvecklad av Division of Energy System Analysis på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. Modellen utgår från data från geografiska informationssystem som tillsammans med antaganden angående populationstillväxt och kostnader, matades data in i en Visual Basics modell i Microsoft Excel. Genom att variera kostnaden för elnätet, hushållens energikonsumtion och dieselpriset skapades olika scenarier. Slutligen gav modellen en kartläggning över de optimala energiteknologierna, kapacitetsökningen, den lägsta möjliga kostnaden för elektricitet samt de totala investeringskostnaderna för respektive scenario. Resultaten visar att elnätet är av större betydelse då hushållens konsumtion av elektricitet ökar. När kostnaden för elnätet ökar föreslår modellen att fördelningen av teknologier behöver bestå till större delen av stand-alone och mini grid system. Den totala investeringskostnaden varierar mellan 29,10 och 83,67 miljarder USD i de olika scenarierna. Kapacitetsökningen varierar mellan 494,42 och 2 769,27 MW. Analysen ger tydliga värden över kostnader, kapacitetsökning och en uppdelning av energiteknologier. De framtagna resultaten kan användas som ledning för att hela Zimbabwes befolkning ska ha tillgång till el vid 2040.
245

UN Sustainable development goals from a Climate Land Energy and Water perspective for Kenya

Moksnes, Nandi January 2016 (has links)
In September 2015 UN announced 17 Sustainable Development goals (SDG) where achieving food security, ensure availability of water for all, access to modern energy for all and combat climate change are four of the 17 goals. In Kenya only 23% of the population have electricity access and in the rural areas 93% lack access to electricity and the improved water availability only reaches 59% of the population. In Kenya 72% of the agricultural land is rain fed which makes the food availability sensitive to droughts, which happened in 2009, and in 2012-2014 22% of the population was undernourished. The main objective for this master thesis is to analyse how to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals aforementioned for Kenya with an integrated resources planning following the CLEWs framework. The toolset used for this analysis is ONSSET, OSeMOSYS and WEAP which, where possible, are interlinked to see how the resources in Kenya can be allocated to reach the SDG. The universal access to electricity by 2030 was modelled for two levels of demand where the grid demand, modelled in OSeMOSYS, found the least cost electricity mix for Kenya to be mainly geothermal and natural gas. The off-grid analysis showed that for the low electricityconsumption the stand-alone solutions of PV and diesel was most cost effective. When theres idential demand increased the mini-grid solutions was preferred. The pressure points that the modelling showed were in the water access and irrigation plans for the Tana catchment where the irrigation scheme in the upstream parts of the river, which represents 25% of the irrigated area, would have months of unmet demand. The CO2 emissions for both scenarios was found to be less (6 resp. 9 MtCO2eq) than the projected BAU emissions, 18.4 MtCO2eq, in the National Climate Change Action plan. / I September 2015 kungjorde FN de 17 globala målen där ingen hunger, tillgänglighet till vatten för alla, ren och modern energi för alla samt bekämpande av klimatförändringar var fyra av de 17 målen. I Kenya har endast 23% av befolkningen tillgång till elektricitet och i landsbygdsområden så har endast 7% av befolkningen tillgång. Även tillgång till rent vatten är en brist där i Kenya endast 59% av befolkningen har tillgång. Sett till jordbruket så är 72% av åkrarna regnbevattnade vilket leder till dåliga skördar vid torra år så som i 2009 vilket slog hårt mot Kenya. Under 2012-2014 så uppskattades 22% av Kenyas befolkning vara undernärda.Det huvudsakliga syftet med detta examensarbete är att analysera hur FNs globala mål, som nämnts ovan, kan nås för Kenya genom en CLEWs metod där klimat, land, energi och vatten modelleras och sammanlänkas där det är möjligt för att se hur de gemensamma resurserna kan användas på bästa sätt. De modelleringsverktyg som används är OSeMOSYS, ONSSET och WEAP.Modelleringen visade att universal access till elektricitet till 2030 kan uppnås, där två olika nivåer av behov modellerades. För elektricitetsnätet så optimerades det billigaste alternativet för Kenya där gasturbiner och geotermisk energi var de bästa alternativen. Vidare för de områden som inte är kostnadseffektiva att nätansluta visade analysen att solpaneler och diesel var billigaste alternativen vid låg energiförbrukning medans vid högre så var det mer kostnadseffektivt med s.k. ”mini-grid” där fler hushåll kan ansluta sig. Sett ur vattentillgången för Tana åns uppsamlingsområde så påverkade Kenyas stora planer på bevattningssystem för jordbruket uppströms de urbana områdenas vattenbehov. Sett ur klimatperspektivet så släpper de föreslagna energimodellerna (6 resp. 9 MtCO2eq) ut mindre än vad the nationella klimatplanen estimerat för 2030 på 18.4 MtCO2eq.
246

A climate, land-use, energy and water nexus assessment of Bolivia

Arderne, Christopher January 2016 (has links)
Land, energy and water are the foundational resources of a country, and have a number of complex interactions with a changing climate. Their exploitation can have significant impacts on climate change, which in turn can affect the future availability of these resources. Thus it is important to properly manage these resources, to ensure that they can continue to provide long into the future. This thesis aims to assess the climate, land-use, energy and water systems (CLEWs) nexus in Bolivia, to determine critical points of interactions, and to produce recommendations for policy actions. This includes both mitigation and adaptation actions. The results show that Bolivia’s projected demand increases are certainly manageable, and with the investments as outlined, they can easily be satisfied, while reducing emissions and increasing climate resilience. An important result is that municipal and thermal water demand don’t appear to be limiting constraints, and so water management efforts should focus on agricultural and hydropower use. Recommended future work is to increase the scope and detail of the water and land model, so that all of the planned hydropower projects are included, and so that agriculture and irrigation demands and impacts can be more accurately predicted.
247

A Theoretical Investigation of Possible Relationships between Energy Efficiency Measures and Thermal Comfort in Office Buildings

Norrman, Jenny January 2016 (has links)
People tend to spend a lot of their lives indoors. The importance of a sufficient level of indoor thermal comfort is therefore essential. There are both national and international energy usage goals that must be met and meanwhile the thermal indoor climate should also be given priority and kept at a satisfactory level. With this issue in mind, it is of interest to investigate how the experienced thermal comfort is affected by different energy efficiency measures. This study aims to, by using a computer simulation tool, investigate the relationship between energy efficiency measures and thermal comfort within an existing office building.An evaluation of six different energy efficiency measures showed that the thermal comfort is generally increased when the energy usage is decreased. However, there are exceptions with a decreased level of thermal comfort, which makes it impossible to justify all energy efficiency measures from a thermal comfort perspective. This states the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of a proposed energy efficiency measure prior performing it in reality. A final sensitivity analysis highlighted the importance of estimating the clothing levels and metabolic rates properly, as these factors are of great importance for the final results. / Människor tenderar generellt sett att spendera en stor del av sina liv inomhus. Detta medför att ett tillfredställande termiskt inomhusklimat i all byggd miljö blir allt viktigare. Det finns både nationella och internationella energianvändningsmål som måste mötas, samtidigt som det termiska inomhusklimatet också bör prioriteras och hållas på en tillfredställande nivå. Att undersöka hur den termiska komforten påverkas av olika energieffektiviseringsåtgärder är därför intressant. Med detta i åtanke syftar denna studie till att, genom användande av ett datorsimuleringsverktyg, undersöka sambandet mellan termisk komfort och energieffektiviseringar i en befintlig kontorsbyggnad.En utvärdering av sex olika energieffektiviseringsåtgärder visade att rent generellt ökar den termiska komforten när energianvändningen minskar. Däremot finns en del undantag där inomhusklimatet istället försämras. Detta gör det omöjligt att i alla fall rättfärdiga energieffektiviseringsåtgärder ur ett inomhusklimatperspektiv. Denna undersökning påvisade därför vikten av att, innan renoveringar, göra omfattande undersökningar av hur en föreslagen energieffektivisering kommer att påverka byggnaden och dess brukare. En avslutande känslighetsanalys visade också nödvändigheten i att så korrekt som möjligt estimera såväl klädesnivå som aktivitetsnivå hos brukarna då detta är två viktiga faktorer i utvärderingen av den termiska komforten.
248

Energy Security Scenarios in the Baltic States

Sjöblom, Karl January 2016 (has links)
No description available.
249

Technical Solutions in Dimensioning an Industrial Torrefaction Facility

Bergman, Jonathan January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
250

Novel Solar thermal polygeneration system for sustainable production of cooling, clean water and domestic hot water in UAE

Mohan, Gowtham January 2014 (has links)
No description available.

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