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Energy conservation, the improvement of energy efficiency, is recognised as an important part of energy policy. This thesis examines the potential for conservation investment and possible energy savings, in part of the UK industrial sector. Assessments of the extent and type of energy conservation activity to date, both investments and energy management, within the brewing, malting, distilling and dairy sectors are made. Achievements to date affect future potentials. In the light of a model of technical change related to energy conservation several potentials are defined. The inter-related problems of estimating or measuring these and measuring performance in energy management are discussed. Some estimates of potentials, with explicit assumptions, are made for the four sectors studied. As any definition or measurement of potential is arbitrary, processes of change are also examined. A soft systems model of necessary activities in energy management is advanced and used to explore managerial barriers to profitable conservation investments in companies studied. Managerial factors for promoting successful energy management are discussed. Economic barriers to change are explored by profitability modelling for several energy conservation techniques used within the four sectors, including heat pumps and combined heat and power. The approach used throughout has been systematic and on several levels.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Colorado at Boulder, 2007. / Adviser: Michael Brandemuehl. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-186).

Thesis--University of Wisconsin-Madison. / Ph. D., Environmental Studies. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 291-300).

Thesis (M.S. in architecture)--Washington State University, May 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-124).

South Africa is one of the driest countries in the world and rivers and dams are the main source of water. The continuous pollution of the rivers and streams as well as the growing demand for water has led to stringent environmental regulations to limit the consumption of water as well as to set the acceptable contamination levels of water before it is discharged to the main water cycle. Various techniques have been used to address the issue of the usage and contamination of water in industry. In recent years, Pinch Analysis has been extended to cooling water systems design following its success in heat exchanger networks (HENs) and mass exchanger networks (MENs). The most significant work on cooling water network design was developed by Kim and Smith (2001) where a graphical methodology for designing cooling water systems was developed. Research on cooling water networks was necessitated by the need to optimize the amount of cooling water used in process industries. It is always important to conserve water as well as reduce the amount of contaminated water that is discharged to the main sources of water. In this study, the consumption of water and effluent reduction opportunities in a nitric acid production plant at African Explosives Limited (AEL), Modderfontein, South Africa, was investigated. This investigation led to the development of a cooling water network design technique for systems with multiple cooling water sources. The results from this analysis have shown that there is potential to reduce the blowdown by 47%. Moreover, the cooling water used in the cooling water network could be reduced by 23% and freshwater makeup by 10%. / Dissertation (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Chemical Engineering / MEng / unrestricted

This thesis investigates the structure of the College of Architecture and Planning (CAP) at Ball State University, otherwise referred to as the Architecture Building (AB). The purpose of this study was to examine the use of energy within the two wings of the building. The research focussed on the history of the decision-making process of the design. It studied the geometry of the building. It researches the issue of lighting and daylighting. It examined the behavior of the HVAC systems. It studied the current and potential use of the Solar Chimney. It analyzed the existing windows as well as possible alternatives.The study results in an experimental design for an additional wing for the Architecture Building. It also recommends specific solutions for optimizing the separate parts of the existing building with respect to their use of energy as well as their exposure to daylight. This also helps to identify the limits of rebuilding an existing structure. Therefore, the appendices show new technologies that will help future designs, from the building materials used to the change of the design process itself.With its huge south-facing atrium and the closed north wall this building communicates the idea of utilizing natural energy sources (e.g., maximizing of solar gain) and minimizing the loss of energy through the building envelope.In fact, the biggest energy consuming factor is not the loss of energy during the winter time, but the excessive gain of energy during the summer which puts an extraordinary cooling load on the A/C system of the building. Apart from that, the amount of electricity for lighting due to the unavailability of daylight as well as the very inefficient lighting system and fans of the A/C system is extensive.Recent advances in the development of high efficiency windows and lights would allow for significant savings within the building. Unfortunately, a lot of the problems of the building are "cast in concrete" and therefore cannot be changed. This leads to the realization that architects need tools that allow them to better predict the future behavior of their anticipated structures. New developments in the field of Computer Aided Design (CAD) boost this simulation ability of planned buildings to a point unthought of a few years ago. / Department of Architecture