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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Contribuição para o projeto basico de uma celula de combustivel de eletrolito polimerico

Souza, Vinicius Ricardo de 17 October 2002 (has links)
Orientador: Wagner dos Santos Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T13:01:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_ViniciusRicardode_M.pdf: 5087609 bytes, checksum: 86dd0a3a9b59a2601d2f14847b4a419f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Um dos desenvolvimentos atuais mais significativos em sistemas energéticos está na área das células de combustível. Estes dispositivos que geram energia elétrica combinando hidrogênio (ou hidrocarbonetos) com o oxigênio do ar, apresentam-se como fortes vetores de desenvolvimento científico-tecnológico, que apontam no sentido de substituírem os motores à combustão interna na área dos transportes, assim como para gerar energia elétrica de um modo limpo e eficiente, dentro de um novo mercado, o da geração distribuída. O início das pesquisas em células de combustível ocorreu há mais de 150 anos, por William Grove, mas apenas nos últimos 15 anos, com o grande desenvolvimento na área de materiais, foi que a tecnologia em células e pilhas de combustível tomou-se bastante promissora no cenário energético mundial. É nesse contexto que surge o objetivo deste trabalho, levando em conta estudos e o desenvolvimento do Projeto Básico de uma Célula de Combustível de Eletrólito Polimérico (PEMFC), além de mostrar alguns campos de atuação que oferecem, já como dispositivos comercialmente viáveis, e servindo a sociedade. Considerou-se para tal a literatura especializada, com o projeto sendo construído a partir de software gráfico apropriado. Fezse também uma análise crítica dos dados disponíveis na literatura, anexando-se Folhas de Dados contendo especificações dos componentes da célula. Examinou-se a função de cada componente da célula, descrevendo os processos quimicos, e eletroquimicos que ocorrem neste reator assim como, as suas variáveis de projeto e de processo. Os muitos avanços alcançados no desenvolvimento tecnológico das PEMFC, principalmente no decorrer da década de 90, e a partir dela, através do esforço conjunto entre entidades governamentais e a indústria de vários países, demonstraram a viabilidade comercial desses geradores de energia, principalmente nas aplicações móveis. Assim, em um futuro determinista e imediato, as PEMFC se tornarão realidade como geradores de energia de alta eficiência e, de baixa emissão de poluentes, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade mais comprometida com os impactos ambientais da geração e consumo de energia, posta a seu serviço e bem estar. As pilhas de combustível devem ser o marco inicial da denominada Era do Hidrogênio / Abstract: One of the most significant recent developments in energy systems is in the area from the fuel ceils. These devices that generate electric energy combining hydrogen (or hydrocarbons) with the oxygen of the air as fortresses vectors of scientific-technological development, that aim in the sense of replace the motors to the internal combustion in the area of the transports, as well as for generate electric energy of a way c1ean and efficient, inside a news market, the from the generation distributed. The beginning from the researches from fuel cells occurred there is more of 150 years, by William Grove, but barely in the last 15 years, with the big development in the area of stuff, went that to technology in ceIls and stacks of fuel cells became promising enough in the world energy setting. It is in that context that the objective of this arises work, leading in count studies and the development of the Project Basic of an Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), beyond show some fields of action that they offer, already as commercially viable devices, and serving to society. For such, to literature specialized is consult, with the project being built from graphic software appropriated. Make also an analysis critic of the data available in the literature, enclosing Data Sheets, contained specifications of the components from the cell. This work examine the function of each component from the ceIl, describing the chemical and electrochemical reaction that occur in this reator as well as, theirs variables of project and of process. The many advancements achieved in the technological development of the PEMFC, mainly in elapse from the decade of 90, and from of the joint effort between govemmental entities and to industry of several countries, showed to commercial feasibility of those generators of energy, mainly in the automobile application. Like this, in a future immediate, the PEMFC will become reality as generators of energy of high efficiency and, of pollutants emission decrease, contributing for the development of a more committed society with the environmental impacts from the generation and consume of energy, places to its service and comfort The stacks of fuel cell should be the initial landmark from the named Age of Hydrogen / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química
2

Clean Lighting Leads to Improved Health in Rural Africa: Field Study and Design of a Dirt-Powered Generator

Aiden, Aviva Presser 01 May 2015 (has links)
Two billion people world-wide use kerosene-burning lamps for household lighting. These lamps produce large quantities of soot. In Chapter 2, I describe our field study examining 230 people in rural Uganda. I show that kerosene lamps are a major source of smoke exposure in the developing world, and that replacing such lamps with solar-powered lights reduces indoor soot levels 17-fold, leading to significant improvements in health within months. This finding is particularly notable because respiratory disease is the #1 cause of death in children under 5 worldwide. Because solar cells are a challenge to manufacture in the developing world, I next examined the potential of harvesting electrons from soil-based microbes as a source of clean energy. Such devices are known as microbial fuel cells (MFCs); because soil is available everywhere, MFCs can, in principle, be locally constructed all over the world. In Chapter 3, I describe our exploration of the biology of MFCs, using high-throughput DNA sequencing to demonstrate a role for genus Pseudomonas in energy production. I also examine numerous agricultural products available throughout the developing world to determine whether any could serve as a suitable ‘feed’ for MFC soil. I find that dried animal blood increases MFC energy production 10-fold. In Chapter 4, I describe our design of a modular, stackable MFC, demonstrate that it can be easily constructed in rural Africa, and use it to power lights and to charge a cell phone battery.

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