This research is focused on single-collision energy transfer events between highly vibrationally excited benzene-like donor molecules and small bath molecules, CO2 and N2O in the vibrational ground level. Measuring how much energy is transferred from donors to bath molecules was accomplished by probing bath molecules scattered into specific-rotational states using a tunable Δv=0.0003 cm-1 solid state diode laser. The normalized energy transfer probability distribution function, P(E,E'), determined from energy gain information, is very useful in comparing collisional energy transfer efficiency between various collision systems. P(E,E') is also used to investigate the effects of donor and bath physical properties on collisional energy transfer. The first chapter details the C6H5F–CO2 system, which is the basis of a study on the effect of donor fluorination on strong collision energy transfer. The second chapter is about all fluorobenzene–CO2 systems, which investigates the effect of excess vibrational excitation energy of donors on supercollision energy transfer efficiency as well as donor fluorination effect. The third chapter focuses on how the physical properties of bath molecules affect supercollision energy transfer by measuring state-specific energy gain of N2O scattered into 0000, J=59−75. Instead of CO2, N2O was used as a bath molecule with a pyrazine donor to compare energy gain results of bath molecules with somewhat different physical properties. N2O and CO2 are isoelectronic and have similar mass, but N2O has a small dipole moment. Comparison of P(E,E') obtained from pyrazine–CO2, –N2O, –DCl, and –H2O systems helps to elucidate the effect of the bath physical properties on supercollision energy transfer efficiency. The last chapter is dedicated to the extension of the measurement range of N2O energy gain to the mid J states (J=37–75). In this chapter I discuss reliability of P(E,E') obtained from only high J tail as well as the correction of overall energy transfer rate constant.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyze and determine the actual flow of oil and natural gas in Europe, from the results to draw conslusions of the weight of the EU's dependence on Russian energy supplies and subsequently to determine the possibilities and prospects for further security flows of oil and natural gas to the EU. Oil and natural gas are the basic strategic raw materials of world economics, including economics of European countries. Most of the European countries does not have adequate supplies of energy raw materials. In particular, EU countries are therefore dependent on external supplies of oil and natural gas. The first chapter of the thesis is focused on oil and natural gas as major raw materials for the current energy situation in Europe. I defined the terms "oil" and "natural gas" and I analyzed the significant deposits of these materials and described their current production and consumption in Europe. In the second chapter I focused on the current flows of oil and natural gas in Europe, particularly on the European network of pipelines. On the baisis of these two chapters I specified the weight of the EU's dependence on energy supplies from Russia and identified the main problems of these supplies. In the third chapter of the thesis I dealt with the security flow of oil and natural gas to the EU and its perspectives and I gave the EU energy policy. I have analyzed selected documents of European energy policy, the EU's energy mix and I identified possible ways to reduce the EU's energy dependency. I included diversification of supply routes and the diversification of EU energy mix among these options. In conclusion, I summarized the current European energy situation, assessed European energy policy and outlined its future development.