In recent years, many strides have been achieved in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which is leading to constant innovations in the types of applications that WSNs can support. Much advancement has also been achieved in the area of smart homes, enabling its occupants to manually and easily control their utility expenses. In this thesis, both areas of research will be colluded for a simple, yet critical application: efficient and economical comfort control in smart residential spaces. The goal is to design a central, modular energy consumption control system for residential spaces, which manages energy consumption in all aspects of a typical residence. This thesis is concerned with two facets of energy consumption in residences. The first facet is concerned with controlling when the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning unit (HVAC) operates for each room separately. This is in contrast to a typical HVAC system where comfort is provided across the floor as a whole. The second facet is concerned with controlling the lighting in each room so as to not exceed a certain input value. The communication network that supports the realization of these coveted goals is based on Zigbee interconnected sensor nodes which pour data unto a smart thermostat which does all the required calculations and activates the modules required for comfort control and energy management, if needed. A Java-based discrete event simulator is then written up to simulate a floor of a typical Canadian single-family dwelling. The simulation assumes error-less communication and proceeds to record certain room variables and the ongoing cost of operation periodically. These results from the simulator are compared to the results of the well known simulator, created by DesignBuilder, which describes typical home conditions. The conclusion from this analysis is that the Comfort Control and Energy Management Algorithms (CEMA) are feasible, and that their implementation incurs significant monetary savings.

In recent years, many strides have been achieved in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which is leading to constant innovations in the types of applications that WSNs can support. Much advancement has also been achieved in the area of smart homes, enabling its occupants to manually and easily control their utility expenses. In this thesis, both areas of research will be colluded for a simple, yet critical application: efficient and economical comfort control in smart residential spaces. The goal is to design a central, modular energy consumption control system for residential spaces, which manages energy consumption in all aspects of a typical residence. This thesis is concerned with two facets of energy consumption in residences. The first facet is concerned with controlling when the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning unit (HVAC) operates for each room separately. This is in contrast to a typical HVAC system where comfort is provided across the floor as a whole. The second facet is concerned with controlling the lighting in each room so as to not exceed a certain input value. The communication network that supports the realization of these coveted goals is based on Zigbee interconnected sensor nodes which pour data unto a smart thermostat which does all the required calculations and activates the modules required for comfort control and energy management, if needed. A Java-based discrete event simulator is then written up to simulate a floor of a typical Canadian single-family dwelling. The simulation assumes error-less communication and proceeds to record certain room variables and the ongoing cost of operation periodically. These results from the simulator are compared to the results of the well known simulator, created by DesignBuilder, which describes typical home conditions. The conclusion from this analysis is that the Comfort Control and Energy Management Algorithms (CEMA) are feasible, and that their implementation incurs significant monetary savings.

In recent years, many strides have been achieved in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which is leading to constant innovations in the types of applications that WSNs can support. Much advancement has also been achieved in the area of smart homes, enabling its occupants to manually and easily control their utility expenses. In this thesis, both areas of research will be colluded for a simple, yet critical application: efficient and economical comfort control in smart residential spaces. The goal is to design a central, modular energy consumption control system for residential spaces, which manages energy consumption in all aspects of a typical residence. This thesis is concerned with two facets of energy consumption in residences. The first facet is concerned with controlling when the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning unit (HVAC) operates for each room separately. This is in contrast to a typical HVAC system where comfort is provided across the floor as a whole. The second facet is concerned with controlling the lighting in each room so as to not exceed a certain input value. The communication network that supports the realization of these coveted goals is based on Zigbee interconnected sensor nodes which pour data unto a smart thermostat which does all the required calculations and activates the modules required for comfort control and energy management, if needed. A Java-based discrete event simulator is then written up to simulate a floor of a typical Canadian single-family dwelling. The simulation assumes error-less communication and proceeds to record certain room variables and the ongoing cost of operation periodically. These results from the simulator are compared to the results of the well known simulator, created by DesignBuilder, which describes typical home conditions. The conclusion from this analysis is that the Comfort Control and Energy Management Algorithms (CEMA) are feasible, and that their implementation incurs significant monetary savings.

In recent years, many strides have been achieved in the area of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which is leading to constant innovations in the types of applications that WSNs can support. Much advancement has also been achieved in the area of smart homes, enabling its occupants to manually and easily control their utility expenses. In this thesis, both areas of research will be colluded for a simple, yet critical application: efficient and economical comfort control in smart residential spaces. The goal is to design a central, modular energy consumption control system for residential spaces, which manages energy consumption in all aspects of a typical residence. This thesis is concerned with two facets of energy consumption in residences. The first facet is concerned with controlling when the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning unit (HVAC) operates for each room separately. This is in contrast to a typical HVAC system where comfort is provided across the floor as a whole. The second facet is concerned with controlling the lighting in each room so as to not exceed a certain input value. The communication network that supports the realization of these coveted goals is based on Zigbee interconnected sensor nodes which pour data unto a smart thermostat which does all the required calculations and activates the modules required for comfort control and energy management, if needed. A Java-based discrete event simulator is then written up to simulate a floor of a typical Canadian single-family dwelling. The simulation assumes error-less communication and proceeds to record certain room variables and the ongoing cost of operation periodically. These results from the simulator are compared to the results of the well known simulator, created by DesignBuilder, which describes typical home conditions. The conclusion from this analysis is that the Comfort Control and Energy Management Algorithms (CEMA) are feasible, and that their implementation incurs significant monetary savings.

L'augmentation des densités de puissance et d'énergie des SSE (système de stockage électrique) des véhicules électriques/véhicules hybrides rechargeable (VEs/VHRs), tout en conservant des coûts raisonnables pour l'utilisateur, et le développement de convertisseurs d'énergie électrique à haute densité de puissance volumique, et de plus en plus performant vont favoriser la production en masse de véhicules électrifiés. Une partie de ces véhicules électriques (VEs/VHRs) nécessitent une connexion au réseau pour la recharge des batteries. L’insertion de ces nouvelles charges dans le réseau présentera alors plusieurs enjeux et impacts significatifs pour les réseaux électriques puisqu’ils doivent répondre localement à des demandes de puissance non négligeables. Ce projet de thèse vise à étudier et réduire les impacts des VEs/VHRs sur les réseaux de distribution grâce à la technologie Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G). Le véhicule électrique alimente le réseau en fonction des besoins du système électrique (modèle bidirectionnel) et lui offre un service de flexibilité. Ces travaux de recherche ont pour but d'approfondir les concepts dans lequel l’alimentation des véhicules électriques (VE) et/ou hybrides de type P-VEH est intégrée à la gestion du réseau de distribution et des « hubs énergétiques » du futur. L’objectif de la thèse est d’abord étudier les service systèmes possible à fournir grâce à V2G, ensuite de concevoir un système de supervision qui assurera une gestion énergétique de ces nouvelles charges en choisissant le mode de recharge et/ou décharge adéquat et en prenant également en considération la demande de consommation locale et la présence de production de type renouvelable (photovoltaïque, éolien) dans le réseau de distribution. Cette supervision se fera dans un premier temps « en hors ligne » et par la suite « en ligne ». On aura recours à l’utilisation de méthodes d’intelligence artificielle comme l’apprentissage automatique (Machine Learning) et la logique floue, la commande prédictive ainsi que des méthodes d’optimisation hybrides (stochastiques et déterministes). / The power and energy density increment of the electrical storage system (ESS) of electric vehicles/Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/PHEVs), while maintaining reasonable costs for the user, and the development of converters of electrical energy to high power density and more and more powerful, will encourage the mass production of electrified vehicles. Beyond, electric vehicles (EVs/PHEVs) require a connection to the grid for the charging of the batteries. The insertion of these new loads in the grid will then present several issues and significant impacts for electrical networks since they must respond locally to non-negligible power requests. This PhD thesis aims to study and reduce the impacts of the EVs/PHEVs on the distribution grid thanks to the vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. The electric vehicle supplies the grid depending on the needs of the electrical system (bi-directional model) and offers a flexible service. These works of research have aimed to deepen the concepts in which the supply of electric vehicles (EV) and/or hybrids of type PHEV is integrated with the management of the distribution network and the future "energy hubs". The objective of the thesis is at first to examine the possible ancillary services provided by V2G, then to design a system of supervision which will ensure an energy management of these new loads by choosing the adequate mode of charge/discharge and also taking into consideration the request of local consumption and the presence of renewable production of type photovoltaic and wind in the distribution grid. This supervision will be in a first step "offline" and subsequently "online". The methods which are used in this thesis are as follows; artificial intelligence such as machine learning and fuzzy logic, the predictive control as well as the methods of hybrids optimization (stochastic and deterministic).

Dans de nombreux réseaux, la régulation efficace du transfert d'énergie entre les sous-systèmes de production, de stockage et d'utilisation demeure un sujet difficile à traiter. Dans cette thèse on a proposent une nouvelle stratégie pour atteindre cet objectif, ainsi que sa mise en œuvre. Le dispositif est appelé routeur d'énergie dynamique (RED), parce que, contrairement à la pratique actuelle, l'asservissement de l'écoulement de puissance se fait sans s'appuyer sur des hypothèses stationnaire. Une hypothèse clé pour le bon fonctionnement du RED est que la dissipation du système est négligeable. Toutefois, en présence de pertes en ligne le RED initial n'est plus opérationnel, car il est base sur l'hypothèse clé de non dissipation des interconnections. Dans ce travail, un nouveau RED prenant en compte la présence de pertes est proposé. Des preuves de l'amélioration des performances sont présentées en simulation comme en expérimentation. Un complément de ce travail a été réalisée sur l'estimation des paramètres d'une pile à combustible du type Polymer Exchange Membrane (PEM) dans le but de concevoir un estimateur convergeant sur un grand domaine (convergence globale). Ce dernier utilise des principes d'immersion et d'invariance développés récemment dans la théorie des asservissements. / Efficient regulation of the energy transfer between generating, storage and load subsystems is a topic of current practical interest. A new strategy to achieve this objective, together with its corresponding power electronics implementation, was recently proposed in this thesis work. The device is called dynamic energy router (DER) because, in contrast with current practice, the regulation of the direction and rate of change of the power flow is done without relying on steady–state considerations. A key assumption for the correct operation of the DER is that dissipation in the system is negligible. Unfortunately, in the presence of dissipation the original DER ceases to be operational. In this thesis a new DER that takes into account the presence of losses is proposed. Simulation and experimental evidence of the performance improvement with the new DER are presented. As a complement of this work a global convergent estimator of parameters of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) was designing by using the principles or “Immersion and Invariance” recently reported in control theory.

Cette thèse présente un modèle unique du MASG (Modèle d’Architecture du Smart Grid) en considérant l 'état de l’art des différentes directives de recherche du smart grid. Le système hybride de génération d'énergie active marine-hydrogène a été modélisé pour représenter la couche de composants du MASG. Le système intègre l'électrolyseur à membrane d’échange de proton (à l’échelle de méga watt) et les systèmes de piles à combustible en tant que composants principaux du bilan énergétique. La batterie LiFePO4 est utilisée pour couvrir la dynamique rapide de l'énergie électrique. En outre, la thèse analyse le système de gestion de l'énergie centralisé et décentralisé. Le système multi-agents représente le paradigme du système décentralisé. La plate-forme JADE est utilisée pour développer le système multi-agents, en raison de son domaine d'application général, de ses logiciels à licence libre, de son interface avec MATLAB et de sa calculabilité avec les standards de la Fondation des Agents Physiques Intelligentes. Le système de gestion d'énergie basé sur JADE équilibre l'énergie entre la génération (système de conversion d'énergie marine-courant) et la demande (profil de charge résidentielle) pendant les modes de fonctionnement autonome et connecté au réseau. Le modèle proposé du MASG peut être considéré comme une étude de cas pilote qui permet l'analyse détaillée et les applications des différentes directions de recherche du smart grid. / This thesis presents a unique model of the SGAM (Smart Grid Architecture Model) with considering the state of the art of the different research directions of the smart grid and. The hybrid marine-hydrogen active power generation system has been modeled to represent the component layer of the SGAM. The system integrates the MW scale PEM electrolyzer and fuel cell systems as the main energy balance components. The LiFePO4 battery is used to cover the fast dynamics of the electrical energy. Moreover, the thesis analyzes the centralized and the decentralized energy management system. The MAS (Multi-Agent Systems) represents the paradigm of the decentralized system. The JADE platform is used to develop the MAS due to its general domain of application, open source and free license software, interface with MATLAB and the computability with the FIPA (Foundation of Intelligent Physical Agent) standards. The JADE based energy management system balances the energy between the generation (marine-current energy conversion system) and the demand side (residential load profile) during the stand-alone and the grid-connected modes of operation. The proposed model of the SGAM can be considered as a pilot case study that enables the detailed analysis and the applications of the different smart grid research directions.