abstract: Transmission line capacity is an obstacle for the utilities because there is a load increment annually, and new power plants are being connected, which requires an update. Energy router (ER) is a device that provides an additional degree of freedom to the utilities by controlling the reactive power. The ER reactive power injection is demonstrated by changing the line's reactance value to increase its capacity and give the utility a deferral time for the project upgrade date. Changing the reactance manually and attaching Smart Wire's device to the branches have effectively solved the overload in three locations of a local utility in Arizona (LUA) system. Furthermore, electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) have been increasing to meet EV needs, which calls for an optimal planning model to maximize the profits. The model must consider both the transportation and power systems to avoid damages and costly operation. Instead of coupling the transportation and power systems, EVCS records have been analyzed to fill the gap of EV demand. For example, by accessing charging station records, the moment knowledge of EV demand, especially in the lower order, can be found. Theoretically, the obtained low-order moment knowledge of EV demand is equivalent to a second-order cone constraint, which is proved. Based on such characteristics, a chance-constrained (CC) stochastic integer program for the planning problem is formulated. For planning EV charging stations with ER, this method develops a simple ER model to investigate the interaction between the mobile placement of power flow controller and the daily pattern of EV power demand. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2020

La croissance des unités de distribution des ressources énergétiques ainsi que l'intégration des nouvelles technologies dans la production et le stockage d'énergie, ont imposé un contrôle nouveau et de nouvelles stratégies opérationnelles. Grâce à sa capacité de stockage et étant considérée comme une énergie propre; la pile à combustible (Pac) est l'une des technologies les plus prometteuse en tant que source d'énergie stationnaire dans les réseaux micro et aussi dans les applications de transport. Par conséquent, deux sujets principaux sont abordés dans cet ouvrage, la conception et l'installation d'un banc d'essai complet instrumenté a membrane échangeuse de polymère (PEM) Pac et de conception et l'essai expérimental d'une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle dynamique d'échange de l'énergie pour les systèmes multi - source et multi - charge. Pour définir le test instruments banc exigences, un examen complet de modèle dynamique est donné dans la première partie. Dans la prochaine section seront inclues, les renseignements concernant la configuration de la conception et la mise en œuvre de banc d'essai de Pac, i.e., critères de spécification des instruments, acquisition, et affichage des données du système. Des résultats expérimentaux sont réalisés afin de démontrer les potentialités de l'installation. Dans le chapitre suivant, une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle dynamique de l'énergie d'échange (DSER) sera introduite et testée par simulation et expérimentalement dans un système à deux ports. Afin d'établir une comparaison et d'intégrer la DSER dans une application Pac, un système à trois ports - y compris un modèle statique de Pac - et deux différentes approches de contrôle, seront testés par simulation dans le cinquième chapitre. La thèse s’achèvera par quelques conclusions et quelques thèmes de recherche potentiels générés à partir de ce travail. / The growth of distributed energy resources together with the incorporation of new technologies in the generation and storage of energy are imposing new control and operational strategies. Due to its storage capability and that it is considered to be clean energy; fuel cell (FC) is one of the most promissory technologies as a stationary energy source in micro grids and also in transportation applications. Therefore, two main issues are addressed in this work; the conception, design, and setup of a fully instrumented test bench for proton exchange membrane (PEM) FC stacks and the design and experimental test of a new dynamic energy-exchange control strategy for multi source and multi load systems. To define the test bench instrument requirements, in the first part a complete dynamic model review is given. In the next section, relevant information regarding the setup of the FC test bench design and implementation is included, i.e., specification criteria of the instruments and acquisition and data display system. Some experimental results are performed in order to demonstrate the potentialities of the setup. In the following chapter, a new dynamic energy exchange control strategy (DSER) is introduced and tested in a two port system via simulation and experimentation. In order to establish a comparison and integrate the DSER in a FC application, in the fifth chapter a three port system – including a static model of FC – and two different control approaches, are tested via simulation. The thesis is closed with some concluding remarks and some potential research topics generated from this work.

The growth of distributed energy resources together with the incorporation of new technologies in the generation and storage of energy are imposing new control and operational strategies. Due to its storage capability and that it is considered to be clean energy; fuel cell (FC) is one of the most promissory technologies as a stationary energy source in micro grids and also in transportation applications. Therefore, two main issues are addressed in this work; the conception, design, and setup of a fully instrumented test bench for proton exchange membrane (PEM) FC stacks and the design and experimental test of a new dynamic energy-exchange control strategy for multi source and multi load systems. To define the test bench instrument requirements, in the first part a complete dynamic model review is given. In the next section, relevant information regarding the setup of the FC test bench design and implementation is included, i.e., specification criteria of the instruments and acquisition and data display system. Some experimental results are performed in order to demonstrate the potentialities of the setup. In the following chapter, a new dynamic energy exchange control strategy (DSER) is introduced and tested in a two port system via simulation and experimentation. In order to establish a comparison and integrate the DSER in a FC application, in the fifth chapter a three port system - including a static model of FC - and two different control approaches, are tested via simulation. The thesis is closed with some concluding remarks and some potential research topics generated from this work.