The research, first, is to investigate the characteristics and heavy metal content of sediments and bottom water in Kaohsiung harbor by sampling. Second, it is to analyze the correlation of the sediments data by statistics analysis method. According to the correlation ratio, we can try to explain the distribution of heavy metals in the sediments and the water. Finally, it is to analyze the sediments data in Kaohsiung harbor from the year of 2001 to 2004 by principle compounds analysis of multivariate statistical analysis; the purpose is to find out the main reason that causes the variation of the sediments in the harbor area. The result of the sediments analysis shows that, the pollutants in Jen-Gen River, Love River and Canon River deposit in the outlet area and lead to significant difference in spatial distribution of sediments characteristics and heavy metals content in Kaohsiung harbor. The enrichment factors of heavy metals in sediments indicate that, there are enrichments for Hg (EF = 7.9 - 115), Pb (EF = 2.1 ¡V 11.7), Cd (EF = 2.4 ¡V 29.8), and Zn (EF = 1.9 ¡V 19.8) in the harbor area. And there are differences of height in the spatial distribution. The Cr enrichment (EF = 1.1 - 10.9) in the harbor exists only in the nearby area of the river outlet, especially in station KH-10 (EF = 10.9) nearby Jen-Gen River area. There is Cu enrichment in the harbor area (EF = 1.2 - 9.0) except the First and Second Harbor Entrance stations. The correlate tests of the sediments characteristics to the heavy metal concentration show that, volatile solid materials, grease and heavy metals reach significant correlated level (P<0.05); but it is irrelevant between clay and heavy metals (P>0.05). Therefore, the main controlling factor that influences the distribution of heavy metals is not the sedimentary particulates distribution but the organic characteristics. Ni distribution of bottom water in Kaohsiung harbor area, it has higher concentration from station KH-01 to KH-10 (0.4 -1.0£gg/L); and, among them, it has the highest concentration and high variation at station KH-06 (1.0 ¡Ó 1.0£gg/L). The distribution of Cu average concentration is between 1.2 - 2.9£gg/L. There is no absolutely tendency, neither is significant difference. The result of the research on Ni, SiO2 and PO4 correlated analysis is different from the result of Yeats and Campbell (1983), Chung (1995) and Huang (2002). I conjecture that the course could be the different geographic environment (Yeats and Campbell in Atlantic, Chung and Huang in the southwestern waters of Taiwan, the research in Kaohsiung harbor area). The result of sediments principle compounds analysis shows that, the sediment constituents in 2001 and 2002 are high water content, organic and fine-grain organic polluted sediments. The polluted sediments are reduced in 2003 and 2004, and that accords with the time of the harbor area dredges procedures. Therefore, there is causation between them. From PC1 and PC2, we know that Love River (KH-04), Canon River (KH-06) and Jen-Gen River (KH-10) outlet are seriously polluted in the harbor area. The river water that contains the industrial wastewater and municipal wastewater in the upper stream is the most important reason that influences the harbor sediments. The result of the research shows that, the main controlling factor that influences the distribution of heavy metals is the harbor sediment organic characteristics and that could cause the metal ions and organic matter forming into stable organic metals compounds. Its impact to ocean ecosystem is enormous, especially to benthic system. Therefore, I suggest that we should do monitoring analysis on sediment toxicity or toxic organic compounds in order to realize their influences to the ocean ecosystem. And furthermore, we should realize the standing crop and the distribution of the toxic organic compounds so that we can avoid health harming from the accumulation of the ecological food chain returning to human body.

Daily aerosol samples were collected at the &Ccedil / andarli which is located on Aegean coast of Turkey. A rural site was selected to monitor atmospheric pollution by long range transport. Sampling was performed in both summer and winter seasons, and in total 151 samples were obtained. Concentrations of elements in the samples were measured in order to identify sources and possible source locations of pollutants. Measured concentrations of trace elements at the &Ccedil / andarli station were compared with those measured at various sites around the world and, also in Turkey. As a result of comparison, level of pollution at the Aegean Region was found to be lower than the Mediterranean Region and Black Sea Region. Air flow climatology at &Ccedil / andarli was investigated in order to determine potential source regions for pollutants. Frequency of air flows from Russia and Western Europe are higher suggesting that emissions from these industrial regions affect the chemical composition of particulate matter. Besides these, it was concluded that contributions from Central and Eastern European countries are significantly high because of frequent air mass transport. Concentrations of elements measured at &Ccedil / andarli station were found to show short and seasonal variations. Such variations in concentrations are explained by variations in the source strengths and transport patterns. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to determine sources of elements and contribution of sources to each element. This analysis revealed 5 sources, two local anthropogenic emissions factor, one soil factor, one sea salt factor and one long range transport factor. Distribution of Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) values showed that main sources of SO42- are observed in Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Ukraine and central part of Aegean region.

Concentrations of elements and ions measured in samples collected between February 1993 and December 2000 at a rural site in central Anatolia were investigated to evaluate the chemical composition of atmosphere at central Anatolia, to determine pollution level of the region, to study temporal variability of the pollutants and to investigate the sources and source regions of air pollutants in the region. Level of pollution at central Anatolia was found to be lower than the pollution level at other European countries and Mediterranean and Black Sea regions of Turkey. Enrichment factor calculations revealed that SO42-, Pb and Ca are highly enriched in the aerosol / whereas, soil component has dominating contribution on observed concentrations of V, Mg, Ca and K. SO42-/(SO2+SO42-) ratio observed in &Ccedil / ubuk station indicates that contribution of distant sources is more important than the contribution of local sources on observed SO42- levels. SO42-/NO3- ratio calculations showed that Central Anatolia is receipt of SO42- from Eastern European countries. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis revealed 6 source groups, namely motor vehicle source, mixed urban factor, long range transport factor, soil factor, NO3- factor and Cd factor. Distribution of Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) values showed that main source areas of SO42-, NH4+ and Cd are western parts of Turkey, Balkan countries, central and western Europe, central Russian Federation and north of Sweden and Finland / NO3- are the regions located around the Mediterranean Sea / and there is no very strong potential source area observed for NH3 and Pb.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-11-08T13:52:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ACUMULAÇÃO DE METAIS TRAÇO EM SEDIMENTOS DE ÁREAS ADJACENTES AO PORTO DE NITERÓI. ENSEADA DE SÃO .pdf: 1544733 bytes, checksum: 5fc97bdd3c28bc3f1ec6b23326c68231 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T13:52:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ACUMULAÇÃO DE METAIS TRAÇO EM SEDIMENTOS DE ÁREAS ADJACENTES AO PORTO DE NITERÓI. ENSEADA DE SÃO .pdf: 1544733 bytes, checksum: 5fc97bdd3c28bc3f1ec6b23326c68231 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ / A área da Enseada de São Lourenço, localizada no sudeste da Baía de Guanabara (RJ), abriga o Porto de Niterói e diversos estaleiros, além de receber aporte de esgotos domésticos e possíveis influências de fontes difusas do entorno da baía, tornando esta área contaminada por metais-traço. Este estudo mostra os resultados encontrados numa avaliação de acumulação de Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn em testemunhos curtos coletados em três estações de amostragem nesta enseada. Foram avaliadas suas possíveis correlações com granulometria e com concentrações de carbono orgânico total (COT), enxofre total (S), ferro (Fe) e manganês (Mn), parâmetros indicadores de processos geoquímicos. Fatores de enriquecimento (FEs) em relação a níveis naturais e inventários (estoques dos metais por área de sedimento) foram calculados e uma comparação com os valores orientadores internacionais adotados na Resolução CONAMA 344/2004 foi realizada. Os inventários (que sempre mostraram maior acumulação na estação mais externa) e os FEs (que mostraram tendências variadas entre as estações) indicaram níveis elevados de contaminação para Cu, Pb e Zn, enquanto as concentrações de Ni e Cr não atingiram valores preocupantes. Para Cr, Cu, Pb e Zn as concentrações mais elevadas foram encontradas na estação na área mais externa da enseada, onde as concentrações de Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb e Zn tiveram correlação com o Fe. Na estação da área interna da enseada, o Pb teve correlação com o Mn. O COT e o S geralmente não pareceram afetar diretamente a distribuição dos metais-traço, mas serviram como indicadores do gradiente de influência marinha sobre a qualidade dos sedimentos, que afeta os processos biogeoquímicos que retêm os metais. A comparação das concentrações de Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn com critérios de qualidade dos sedimentos internacionais adotados pela legislação brasileira (Resolução CONAMA 344/2004) mostrou que as concentrações de Zn, Cu e Pb ocorrem em valores que geram preocupação ambiental para atividades humanas na área, como o gerenciamento da disposição do sedimento, no caso deste ser dragado. / The whole São Lourenço harbour area is located in the southeast of Guanabara Bay (RJ – Brazil). Furthermore, it also houses “Porto de Niterói” (Niterói Harbour), which is the only cargo harbour in Niterói and other several shipyards. Apart from receiving domestic sewage discharges and possibly other unknown contribution sources from the Bay’s surrounding area, the Bay is contaminated by trace metals. This study shows the results of an accumulation evaluation as follows: Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in short cores collected from three different sample stations in that harbour. Possible correlations involving indicating parameters of geochemichal processes such as granulometry, Total Carbon Concentrations (TOC), total sulphur (S), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mg) were evaluated. Enrichment factors (EFs) in relation to background and inventories (metal storage per sediment area) were calculated, and a comparison with international sediment quality values adopted by a local jurisdiction (Resolução CONAMA 344/2004) was conducted. The inventories which always showed the highest accumulation were collected from PN3 Station and the EF showed different trends among the stations. Both the inventories and the EF presented high levels of Cu, Pb and Zn contamination. On the other hand, Ni and Cr concentrations did not reach worrying levels. Higher concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were found at the station which was located at the external part of the harbour. There, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations presented a correlation with Fe. At the station located at the internal area of the harbor, Pb had a correlation with Mn. TOC and S did not seem to affect directly trace–metal distribution, but they were used as a marine influence gradient indicator to sediment quality, which affects biogeochemical processes that retain metals. The concentration comparison of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn levels with international sediment quality criteria adopted by the Brazilian jurisdiction (Resolução CONAMA 344/2004) showed that Zn, Cu and Pb concentrations generate environmental concerns related to human activities, such as the management of dredged sediment, if such sediment dredging occurs in the studied areas.