<p> The grape industry in Oklahoma was valued at $98 million in 2010. In 2015, symptoms resembling Grapevine Leafroll disease were observed, but Grapevine Leafroll-associated Viruses were not detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A 2-year Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey was initiated to determine the etiology of the red leaf symptoms in Oklahoma vineyards. In 2016, a total of 121 symptomatic grapevines from 13 counties were sampled and 96 symptomatic grapevines from 14 counties were sampled in 2017. Each sample was tested for Grapevine Red Blotch Virus (GRBV), <i>Xylella fastidiosa </i> (Pierce&rsquo;s Disease), and &lsquo;<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma spp,&rsquo; by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ELISA was used to test for Grapevine Leafroll associated Virus (GLRaV) strains 1,3 and 4 strains. Rotbrenner, caused by <i>Pseudopezicula traceiphila</i>, (2017 only), can be found in xylem from petioles and the xylem was examined morphologically for signs of fungal structures. In 2016, GRBV was detected in 38% of 121 symptomatic samples, GLRaV-1 and -3 were detected in 16%, GLRaV 4 strains were detected in 2%, and <i>X. fastidiosa</i> was detected in 2%. There were no detections of &lsquo;Ca Phytoplasma spp&rsquo; in 2016 or 2017. In 2017, GRBV was detected in 34% of the 96 samples, GLRaV-1 and -3 were detected in 17%, GLRaV 4 strains were detected in 3%, and <i> X. fastidiosa</i> was detected in 3%. Rotbrenner was not detected in any of the samples in 2017. The findings of this survey provide information to Oklahoma grape growers and extension personnel about the cause of red leaf diseases affecting grapevines so that appropriate management strategies can be implemented in the near future.</p><p>

Thesis (M.S.)--Oklahoma State University, 2009. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The genus Anoplonyx Marlatt belongs to the more generalized of the Nematinae and is clearly defined taxonomically (Ross, 1937). This genus is comprised of very few known species, four in North America and four in Europe; all are associated with Larix. The species are closely similar and difficult to distinguish, especially in the adult stage.

The genus Cinara Curtis comprises approximately 175 described species, all of which feed exclusively on coniferous trees and shrubs. The majority of these species occur in the North Temperate Zone, being found in North America, Europe, Asia, the British Isles, North Africa, Japan, Korea and Formosa. A few species occur in the South Temperate Zone of Soutih Africa and Australia. [...]

The first independant treatment of the acridoid family Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae, was that of Bolivar (1884). A revision was published later by Bolivar (1904-5) and this was summarised with s1ight modification shortly afterwards (Bolivar, 1909). No comprehensive review has been pub1ished subsequently, although a revision of the tribal arrangement was recently the subject of study by Akbar (1963) who gives a full review of the various changes that have occurred at the suprageneric level up to the present. [...]

The winter eggs of the phytophagous mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) in Nova Scotia have been found to be killed by cold at the lower extremes of temperature. A more resistant form occurs in the colder areas of New Brunswick and Quebec. For short exposures the mean lethal temperature of overwintering eggs for the susceptible and resistant forms respectively is -24° F. and -35° F. [...]

Thesis (M.S.)--Oklahoma State University, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oklahoma State University, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oklahoma State University, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oklahoma State University, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.