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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Mécanisme de contrôle de l'entrée en mitose par Polo-like kinase 1 (PlK1) / Mechanisms controlling entry into mitosis by Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1)

Gheghiani, Lilia 19 July 2017 (has links)
L'exigence principale du cycle cellulaire est une coordination étroite entre l'achèvement du processus de réplication et l'entrée des cellules en mitose, afin de maintenir l'intégrité génétique, l'identité et à la survie cellulaire. Toutes les cellules somatiques exécutent de manière reproductible une phase G2 intermédiaire, d'une durée constante pendant les divisions cellulaires successives au sein d'un type cellulaire donné. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires qui contrôlent précisément sa durée au cours d'un cycle cellulaire non perturbé, restent mal caractérisés. La kinase Cycline B1-Cdk1, facteur universel permettant l'entrée en mitose, est sous le contrôle, chez les mammifères, d'un ensemble de régulateurs directs, les kinases inhibitrices Wee1 et Myt1 et les phosphatases activatrices Cdc25A, B et C. Son activation soudaine, en fin de phase G2, révèle qu'une modification rapide de l'équilibre entre ses régulateurs opposés prend place par des mécanismes moléculaires qui restent à élucider. Dans ce cadre, j'ai étudié le rôle potentiel de la kinase Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) pour l'initiation de l'activation de Cycline B1-Cdk1. Bien que les rôles de Plk1 au cours de la mitose soient bien caractérisés, sa contribution dans la régulation de l'entrée des cellules en mitose reste controversée. Au niveau moléculaire, Plk1 phosphoryle au moins in vitro, plusieurs régulateurs de Cycline B1-Cdk1, tels que Cdc25B & C, et Wee1 et Myt1. Cependant, il reste largement inconnu si ces événements de phosphorylation se produisent in vivo et s'ils contribuent de manière significative au processus de l'activation de Cycline B1-Cdk1 permettant l'entrée en mitose. / A main requirement of the cell cycle is a tight coordination between the completion of the replication process and entry into mitosis in order to maintain genetic integrity and the identity and survival of cell progeny. All somatic cells reproducibly execute an intermediate G2 phase of constant duration during successive cell divisions in a given cell type. However the molecular mechanisms controlling precisely its duration during unperturbed cell cycle remains poorly characterized. In this context, the main objective of my PhD project was to decipher signaling pathways controlling entry into mitosis during normal cell cycles as well as their spatiotemporal regulation. CyclinB1-Cdk1, the universal master mitotic driver, is under the control of direct inhibitors (Wee1 and Myt1) and activators (Cdc25A, B and C). Previously, it was determined that CyclinB1-Cdk1 is suddenly activated in very late G2 phase, suggesting that a rapid modification in the equilibrium between its opposite regulators is reproducibly taking place in late G2 by poorly elucidated mechanisms. During my PhD, I investigated the potential role of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) in the initial activation of CyclinB1-Cdk1. Even though its roles during mitosis are well characterized, its contribution for the regulation of entry into mitosis remains controversial. At the molecular level, Plk1 was shown to phosphorylate at least in vitro, several regulators of CyclinB1-Cdk1 including Cdc25B&C, and Wee1 and Myt1. However, it remains largely unknown if these phosphorylation events are taking place in vivo and whether they significantly contribute to the activation process of CyclinB1-Cdk1 leading to mitotic entry.

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