Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SandraMLB.pdf: 485730 bytes, checksum: 2d9d8cd23c72f730b56737d606b11e82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The rapid growth of the Brazilian cities in the latest years has brought a series of problems regarding housing policies and, therefore, the provision of dwellings for the low-income class people. Following the pattern of other capital cities, Natal has repeated the pattern of urbanization practiced in the country, which concentrates the low-income class inhabitants in specific zones of the city known as peripheries or even in a dwelling place for less-favored classes such as Felipe Camar?o, which is one of ten boroughs belonging to the western administrative zone, a region which has historically received less attention from the public administrators towards infrastructure investments. Based on those aspects, the general objective of this work is to investigate which main social-environmental alterations have resulted from the processes of urbanization and field occupation in that area. The specific objectives are concerned with verifying 1) the process of urbanization and the process of dividing urban soil from the 1960s; 2) the current configuration of the public spaces in the borough; 3) the process of the deprivation of the original landscape characteristics of Environmental Protection Zones; 4) the dynamics of land occupation which are predominant in dune areas; 5) the dynamics of land occupation which are predominant in mangrove areas; 6) and the destruction of green covering on the land with its consequent alteration of the local floristic pattern. The methodology consisted of in-loco visits; the application of questionnaires as community research; a survey of bibliography published by the organisms and institutions in charge of carrying out the city hall s environmental and housing policies; and descriptive statistics of the collected data. Concerning the pattern of occupation which is predominant in the borough, the treatment of space dispensed by the local dwellers has culminated in the emergence and consolidation of environmental alterations which are clearly different from common occurrence in both the building area represented by housing complexes and in the green areas represented by dunes and mangroves. The data show that there was the predominance of the irregular land occupation process over the official housing policy during the population settlement which contributed with a series of frequent and foreseeable problems in the dynamics of urbanization of poverty such as invasions and appropriations of land parcels, the beginning of irregular arrangement of streets, the formation of villages and slums, which are full of self-constructed housing units, and the occupation and degradation of susceptibly fragile environmental areas such as the dune slopes and the mangroves / O r?pido crescimento das cidades brasileiras nos ?ltimos anos trouxe uma s?rie de problemas relacionados com as pol?ticas de habita??o e conseq?entemente com a provis?o de habita??es para as classes de renda baixa. Seguindo o exemplo de outras capitais, Natal repetiu o modelo de urbaniza??o praticado no pa?s, concentrando as popula??es de baixa renda em zonas espec?ficas da cidade classificadas como periferias, ou lugar de habita??o das classes menos favorecidas como ocorre em Felipe Camar?o, um dos dez bairros que integram a zona administrativa oeste, regi?o que historicamente recebeu pouca aten??o por parte dos poderes p?blicos em termos de investimentos em infra-estrutura. Fundamentados nesses aspectos, o objetivo geral deste trabalho ? averiguar quais as principais altera??es s?cio-ambientais decorrentes do processo de urbaniza??o e ocupa??o na ?rea. Constituem-se os objetivos espec?ficos verificar: o processo de urbaniza??o e parcelamento do solo a partir de 1960; a configura??o atual dos espa?os p?blicos do bairro; o processo de descaracteriza??o das Zonas de Prote??o Ambiental; as din?micas de ocupa??o predominantes nas ?reas de dunas e de manguezal e a destrui??o da cobertura vegetal com conseq?ente altera??o do padr?o flor?stico local. A metodologia compreendeu: 1) visitas a campo; 2) aplica??o de question?rios pesquisa comunit?ria; 3) levantamento da bibliografia publicada pelos ?rg?os e institui??es encarregados de executar as pol?ticas de meio ambiente e habita??o no munic?pio; e 4) estat?stica descritiva dos dados coletados. No que se refere ao modelo de ocupa??o predominante no bairro, constatou-se que o tratamento dispensado pelos moradores ao espa?o culminou com o aparecimento e consolida??o de altera??es ambientais distintas de comum ocorr?ncia na ?rea edificada representada pelos conjuntos habitacionais e nas ?reas verdes representadas respectivamente pelas dunas e pelo mangue. Os dados demonstram que durante o povoamento, houve predomin?ncia do processo de ocupa??o irregular sobre a pol?tica oficial de habita??o, colaborando com uma s?rie de problemas freq?entes e previs?veis nas din?micas de urbaniza??o da pobreza como: invas?es e apropria??es de lotes; abertura de arruamentos irregulares; forma??o de vilas e favelas, repletas de unidades habitacionais auto-constru?das e ocupa??o e degrada??o de ?reas de fragilidade ambiental, como as encostas de dunas e os manguezais