Societies in Transkei, particularly those along the coast, are confronted to varying degrees by the problem and prospects of having to be removed from the areas which they have occupied for decades, sometimes from time immemorial, to make space for government schemes intended for the conservation of the environment and its resources, as determined by various conservation legislation (Chapters 3 and 4). These people have to be settled in new areas which lack the natural resources which they enjoyed in their old areas and on which they depended for their survival and their traditional style of life. What exacerbates the situation is that these removals are not accompanied by development programmes to compensate the people for their loss. Furthermore, the establishment of these conservation areas does not offer any incentives for them to appreciated and see the benefit of conservation (Chapters 5 and 6). Furthermore, although some of the conservation legislation anticipates that there should be consultations with, and participation by, the local people before the conservation programmes are implemented in order for them to present their opinions, it does not seem that the government officials charged with the control and administration of the legislation comply with this requirement. The result is that these conservation programmes are met with resistance from the local people, resulting in the government failing to attain the objectives of the legislation. This study will briefly deal with the history and development of conservation legislation in Transkei from the Colonial era (Chapter 2), and examine the provisions of the applicable conservation legislation during the self-government of Transkei including its independence up to its reincorporation into South Africa during April 1994. / Thesis (LL.M.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1995.