Considered the testudine that has been most kept in captivity as a pet due to its extensive illegal trade, Chelonoidis carbonaria species (tortoise-piranga or red-leg-tortoise) is widely distributed in South America and Brazil . The objective was to measure the changes in protein compounds, metabolites, minerals, electrolytes and serum enzyme in Chelonoidis carbonaria held captive using analytical methods routinely used in clinical laboratories, as this dosages are laboratory tests used in veterinary medical clinic for the important contribution that provide diagnosis and prognosis of metabolic changes that affect these animals. For this, used were 25 specimens from C. Carbonaria. Was performed on each animal both sexes, Blood collection Serum for subsequent biochemical analysis. Analyses were processed in automatic analyzer (Flexor XL). It was observed that the results of the serum biochemical constituents C. carbonaria evaluated to show no significant differences in mean observed for other species Testudines, the differences being observed probably due to the difference managements, diet and normal physiological variations different species. There were no significant differences between males and females for the studied parameters and the values obtained for glucose levels in venous blood obtained by enzymatic colorimetric method (GVE) and digital glucometer (GVG). Analytical techniques routinely employed for biochemical tests appear to be suitable for determining the biochemical profiles of these animals with the exception of gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and creatine kinase enzyme (CK) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) showed wide variations of standard deviations. The results of this study can contribute to the interpretation of biochemical parameters of tortoises as well as support other studies that seek to reference values for the species. / Considerada o Testudine que mais tem sido mantido em cativeiro como animal de estimação devido a seu amplo comércio ilegal, a espécie Chelonoidis carbonaria (jabuti-piranga ou jabuti-das-patas-vermelhas) encontra-se amplamente distribuída na América do Sul e no Brasil. Objetivou-se mensurar as variações de constituintes proteicos, metabolitos, minerais, eletrólitos e enzimáticos séricos em Chelonoidis carbonaria mantidos em cativeiro utilizando métodos analíticos rotineiramente empregados em laboratórios de análises clinicas, pois estas dosagens são exames complementares empregados na clínica médica veterinária pelo importante contributo que oferecem ao diagnóstico e prognóstico de alterações metabólicas que acometem esses animais. Para isso, foram utilizados 25 espécimes de C. carbonaria. Foi realizada, em cada animal de ambos os sexos, a colheita sanguínea para posterior análise bioquímica sérica. As análises foram processadas em analisador automático (Flexor XL). Observou-se que os resultados dos constituintes bioquímicos séricos avaliados para C. carbonaria não apresentam expressivas diferenças das médias observadas para outras espécies de Testudines, sendo as diferenças observadas provavelmente devido a diferença de manejos, dieta e variações fisiológicas normais diferentes espécie. Não houve diferenças significativas entre machos e fêmeas para os parâmetros estudados e para os valores obtidos para os níveis de glicose em sangue venoso obtidos pelo método enzimático colorimétrico (GVE) e glicosímetro digital (GVG). Técnicas analíticas rotineiramente empregadas para exames bioquímicos parecem ser adequados para determinação dos perfis bioquímicos destes animais com exceção da gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) e as enzimas creatina quinase (CK) e creatina quinase MB (CK-MB) apresentaram grandes variações dos desvios padrão. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo podem contribuir com a interpretação dos parâmetros bioquímicos de jabutis bem como subsidiar outros estudos que busquem valores de referências para a espécie. / Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias

7 Abstract The genus Geosmithia Pitt (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) belongs to fungi living in symbioses with bark beetles. Its original strategy is association with phloeophagous bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae). The Geosmithia shows strong affiliation to vector (bark beetles) worldwide and the spectrum of host plants is delimitated by niche of vector. The genus includes the specialists to family Pinaceae, but also the generalists with wide range of host plants mainly belonging to broad-leaved trees. G. morbida changed its ecology from saprotrophic to pathogenic way of life and causes decline of Junglans nigra in the USA. Characteristics which allow its pathogenesis are not known. Another derived strategy, which occurred at least twice independently, is association with the ambrosia beetles. The ambrosia beetles create galleries in xylem with low nutritive value, and thus they cultivate ambrosia fungus, on which they are entirely nutritively dependent. The ambrosia fungi share convergent phenotype which leads to large terminal conidia and to ability of yeast growth. This master thesis is focusing on study of the features, which are important for individual ecological groups: the specialists to family Pinaceae, the pathogene, the ambrosia fungi and the generalists. It is becoming apparent that the most...