Zheng Ping-pin. / Thesis submitted in: December 2001. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-159). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT(ENGLISH/CHINESE) --- p.iii / CONTENTS --- p.viii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xii / PUBLICATION --- p.xiii / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter I.1. --- Preface --- p.1 / Chapter I.2. --- Overview of Carcinogenesis --- p.2 / Chapter I.3. --- Oncogene --- p.5 / Chapter I.4. --- Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSGs) --- p.6 / Chapter I.5 --- Detection of Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Genes --- p.9 / Chapter I.5.1 --- Detaction of Oncogene --- p.9 / Chapter I.5.2. --- Detection of Tumor Suppressor Genes --- p.11 / Chapter I.6. --- Profiles of Oncogenes/TSGs and Molecular Subtype about Astrocytic Tumors --- p.17 / Chapter I.7. --- Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Microsatellite Instability --- p.20 / Chapter I.8. --- Outline of Ependymoma --- p.20 / Chapter I.9. --- Clinicopathological Factors and Prognosis --- p.22 / Chapter I.9.1. --- Histology and Grading (2000) --- p.22 / Chapter I.9.2. --- Prognosis Factors --- p.23 / Chapter I.9.2.1. --- Age/Sex/Location --- p.23 / Chapter I.9.2.2. --- Extent of Resection --- p.25 / Chapter I.9.2.3. --- Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy --- p.25 / Chapter I.9.2.4. --- Histology --- p.26 / Chapter I.10. --- "Cytogenetic, Molecular Genetic and Molecular Studies" --- p.27 / Chapter I.11. --- Advantages and Disadvantages of The Research Methods --- p.34 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- AIM OF STUDY --- p.36 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.37 / Chapter III.1. --- Tumor Samples and DNA Preparations --- p.37 / Chapter III.1.1. --- Tumor Samples --- p.38 / Chapter III.1.2. --- DNA Preparation --- p.38 / Chapter III.2. --- Comparative Genomic Hybridization --- p.42 / Chapter III.2.1. --- Metaphase Preparation --- p.42 / Chapter III.2.2. --- "DNA Labeling, Hybridization, and Detection" --- p.43 / Chapter III.2.3. --- Digital Image Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter III.3 --- High-Resolution Allelotying (Microsatellite Analysis) --- p.46 / Chapter III.3.1 --- General Outline --- p.46 / Chapter III.3.2 --- Multiplex PCR --- p.47 / Chapter III.3.3 --- Pooling of PCR Products --- p.49 / Chapter III.3.4 --- Electrophoresis --- p.50 / Chapter III.3.5. --- Assessment of Allelic Imbalance by Calculating Allelic Ratio --- p.52 / Chapter III.3.6 --- Standards of Evalution --- p.53 / Chapter III.3.7 --- Separating Allelic Loss from Allelic Duplication --- p.54 / Chapter III.3.8 --- Statistical Analyses --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- RESULTS --- p.54 / Chapter IV.1. --- CGH Study --- p.54 / Chapter IV.1.1 --- Overview --- p.54 / Chapter IV.1.2 --- Common Deletion Regions --- p.58 / Chapter IV.1.3 --- Common duplication Regions --- p.60 / Chapter IV.2. --- High-Resolution Allelotyping (Microsatellite Analysis) --- p.60 / Chapter IV.2.1. --- Overview of Results --- p.60 / Chapter IV.2.2. --- LOH profile of Individual Chromosome --- p.93 / Chapter IV.2.3. --- Overlapping Small Deletion Regions --- p.95 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- DISCUSSION --- p.97 / Chapter V.1. --- . General Outline --- p.98 / Chapter V.2. --- Chromosome 22 --- p.99 / Chapter V.3. --- Chromosome 17 --- p.102 / Chapter V.4. --- Chromosome 6 --- p.104 / Chapter V.5. --- Chromosome 16 --- p.105 / Chapter V.6. --- Chromosome 19 --- p.107 / Chapter V.7. --- Chromosome 20 --- p.108 / Chapter V.8. --- Chromosome 7 --- p.109 / Chapter V.9. --- Chromosome 12 --- p.110 / Chapter V.10. --- Chromosome 9 --- p.111 / Chapter V.11. --- Chromosome 5 --- p.112 / Chapter V.12. --- Chromosome 4 --- p.112 / Chapter V.13. --- Correlation of CGH with Allelotyping in the Study --- p.112 / Chapter V.14. --- Conclusion --- p.114 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY --- p.115 / Chapter CHAPTER VII --- FUTURE STUDY --- p.116 / REFERENCES --- p.118