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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo comparativo da distribuição de ninfas de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) em diferentes mesohabitats e análise do conteúdo estomacal em Leptophlebiidae / Comparative study of distribution of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) nymphs in distinct mesohabitats and stomach contents in Leptophlebiidae

Silva, Rodolfo Mariano Lopes da 09 September 2005 (has links)
Gêneros das diferentes famílias de Ephemeroptera apresentam grande variação na ocorrência entre habitats e dentro destes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer a comparação da distribuição dos gêneros de efemerópteros em diferentes mesohabitats e, na família Leptophlebiidae, relacionar tal distribuição com exploração de itens alimentares. As coletas foram realizadas na Estação Biológica de Boracéia ? MZUSP. Leptophlebiidae foi a família de maior abundância (54%), seguida pelos Baetidae (44%). Em Leptophlebiidae, Farrodes carioca, Massartella brieni e Miroculis sp. foram os mais comuns, particularmente no mesohabitat remanso. Em Baetidae, o gênero Americabaetis foi o mais numeroso, principalmente no mesohabitat de rápido. As análises de conteúdo estomacal nas ninfas de Leptophlebiidae revelaram, em todos os gêneros, que o item alimentar vegetal superior alóctone foi o mais abundante, seguido de partículas minerais. / Genera in the various Ephemeroptera families show much variation in their occurrences among and within habitats. The aim of the present work is to compare the distribution of mayfly genera in different mesohabitats and, in the Leptophlebiidae, relate their distribution with the exploitation of food resources. Samplings were made in the Boracéia Biological Station (23°39\'S, 45°53\'W). The family Leptophlebiidae was the most abundant (54%) followed by the Baetidae (44%). Within the Leptophlebiidae, Farrodes carioca, Massartella brieni and Miroculis sp. were the most common, especially in pools. Americabaetis was the most numerous baetid, particularly in rapids. The analyses of the gut contents showed, for all genera, that the food item \'allochthonous higher plants\' was the most common, followed by mineral particles.
2

Estudo comparativo da distribuição de ninfas de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) em diferentes mesohabitats e análise do conteúdo estomacal em Leptophlebiidae / Comparative study of distribution of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) nymphs in distinct mesohabitats and stomach contents in Leptophlebiidae

Rodolfo Mariano Lopes da Silva 09 September 2005 (has links)
Gêneros das diferentes famílias de Ephemeroptera apresentam grande variação na ocorrência entre habitats e dentro destes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer a comparação da distribuição dos gêneros de efemerópteros em diferentes mesohabitats e, na família Leptophlebiidae, relacionar tal distribuição com exploração de itens alimentares. As coletas foram realizadas na Estação Biológica de Boracéia ? MZUSP. Leptophlebiidae foi a família de maior abundância (54%), seguida pelos Baetidae (44%). Em Leptophlebiidae, Farrodes carioca, Massartella brieni e Miroculis sp. foram os mais comuns, particularmente no mesohabitat remanso. Em Baetidae, o gênero Americabaetis foi o mais numeroso, principalmente no mesohabitat de rápido. As análises de conteúdo estomacal nas ninfas de Leptophlebiidae revelaram, em todos os gêneros, que o item alimentar vegetal superior alóctone foi o mais abundante, seguido de partículas minerais. / Genera in the various Ephemeroptera families show much variation in their occurrences among and within habitats. The aim of the present work is to compare the distribution of mayfly genera in different mesohabitats and, in the Leptophlebiidae, relate their distribution with the exploitation of food resources. Samplings were made in the Boracéia Biological Station (23°39\'S, 45°53\'W). The family Leptophlebiidae was the most abundant (54%) followed by the Baetidae (44%). Within the Leptophlebiidae, Farrodes carioca, Massartella brieni and Miroculis sp. were the most common, especially in pools. Americabaetis was the most numerous baetid, particularly in rapids. The analyses of the gut contents showed, for all genera, that the food item \'allochthonous higher plants\' was the most common, followed by mineral particles.
3

Phylogeny and biogeography of the mayfly family Leptohyphidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) with a taxonomic revision of selected genera

Baumgardner, David Eugene 10 October 2008 (has links)
A cladistic analysis of the world genera of the mayfly family Leptohyphidae is presented. Analyses of a matrix of 58 ingroup and 9 outgroup species and 119 morphological characters strongly supports the monophyly of Leptohyphidae and its sister-group relationship with Coryphoridae. Larval and adult taxonomic keys are provided to the 11 recognized extant genera. A synonymical listing, differential diagnosis, list of proposed synapomorphies, diagnostic illustrations, and notes on distribution and included species are given for each genus. The following new synonyms of genus Tricorythodes are proposed: Ableptemetes n. syn., Cabecar n. syn., Epiphrades n. syn., Homoleptohyphes n. syn., Macunahyphes n. syn., Tricoryhyphes n. syn. The former genus Asioplax is newly regarded as a subgenus of Tricorythodes. A species-level revision of North and Central American Leptohyphes is presented. A key to the 15 Leptohyphes species known as larvae is provided. In addition, detailed descriptions, diagnosis, and geographic distributions are given for all species of Leptohyphes known from North and Central America. Biogeographic analysis suggests that the family Leptohyphidae originated in South America, and that its North American species are the descendants of one or more ancestral species that crossed northward over the Panamanian land bridge. The results of this research clearly show that the mayfly family Leptohyphidae is a strongly supported monophyletic clade supported by five unique synapomorphies. Currently recognized genera are also strongly supported; however, little support was found for subfamilies. The sister family is clearly Coryphoridae, which is supported by three unique synapomorphies. Biogeographic analysis indicates that Leptohyphidae originated in South American, with at least five independent invasions from South America to North and Central America during the evolution of Leptohyphidae.
4

RESOLVING THE PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THREE GENERA OF EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES); STENONEMA, STENACRON, AND MACCAFFERTIUM

Zembrzuski, Deanna 01 August 2017 (has links)
Stenonema, Stenacron, and Maccaffertium are three closely related genera of mayflies commonly found across North America. There are currently 22 described species in Maccaffertium, 7 described species in Stenacron, and 1 described species in Stenonema. Their primarily aquatic life history, and sensitivity to aquatic pollutant make these organisms ideal water quality indicators. However, there is little morphological variation within these genera leading to difficulties in identifications. The classifications of many of the species within these genera have been changed multiple times and still little is known about the relationships with in these genera. In an attempt to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of Stenonema, Stenacron, and Maccaffertium, two Mitochondrial genes (Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), and 16s ribosomal RNA (rrnl)) and two Nuclear genes (Wingless (Wg), and Histone H3) were sequenced from 60 individuals from the three genera, and ten individuals from three outgroup genera (Pseudiron, Epeorus, and Heptagenia). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis were conducted on single-gene and concatenated multi-gene data sets, and species tree methods were utilized to resolve the phylogenetic relationships. Molecular analysis resolve Maccaffertium as paraphyletic, with Stenonema femoratum being resolved within Maccaffertium, as sister to M. mexicanum integrum. Stenacron in most cases was also resolved within Maccaffertium, as a close relative of M. lenati. In order to achieve monophyly, Stenonema needs to be expanded to include Maccaffertium and Stenacron, and four subgenera should be erected to name the well supported clades; Stenonema, Maccaffertium, Stenacron, and Lewisa.
5

Distribución espacio-temporal de ephemeroptera, plecoptera, trichoptera y coleoptera (insecta) en una quebrada de primer orden, bosque montano, Junín, Perú

Sajamí Reymundo, Janet Isabel January 2015 (has links)
El presente estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de conocer la composición y distribución espacial y temporal de la comunidad de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera y Coleoptera (EPTC) en una quebrada de primer orden, Chanchamayo, Perú. Se realizaron colectas bimensuales desde marzo del 2013 a enero del 2014 en cuatro microhábitats lóticos: piedra, grava, musgo y hojas retenidas en la corriente. Fueron colectados un total de 7825 individuos agrupados en 51 géneros distribuidas en 27 familias de EPTC. La mayor riqueza y abundancia fue registrada en las hojas retenidas en la corriente y durante los meses de julio y setiembre (menor caudal). Las pruebas no paramétricas de Kruskall-Wallis para la riqueza, abundancia y estructura comunitaria (diversidad de Shannon-Wiener y equidad de Pielou) determinaron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) a nivel espacial y temporal; en tanto que el análisis de similitud (ANOSIM) y de agrupamiento utilizando el método no paramétrico de escalamiento multidimensional (nMDS) determinaron diferencias significativas a nivel espacial pero no a nivel temporal. La variación espacial estuvo explicada por la heterogeneidad del hábitat; y la variación temporal se explicó principalmente por la hidrología del ecosistema. El factor espacial predominó sobre el temporal para determinar la estructura de la comunidad de EPTC. Además el análisis de similitud porcentual (SIMPER) permitió identificar las especies que más influyeron en la estructura comunitaria de EPTC. La quebrada Pichita fue calificada como de referencia por el “Riparian, Chanel and Enviromental Inventory” (RCE) y el Protocolo de la Calidad Ecológica de los Ríos Andinos (CERA).
6

Systematika jepic (Ephemeroptera) čeledi Baetidae / Systematics of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) of the family Baetidae

SROKA, Pavel January 2010 (has links)
The current thesis reviews a cross-section of studies dealing with several problems of systematics of the mayfly (Ephemeroptera) family Baetidae. It is based on classic morphological characters as well as molecular-based methods in order to solve specific taxonomic problems and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the selected taxa.
7

Gene Flow among Populations of the Mayfly Epeorus pleuralis (Banks 1910) (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) in Three Adjacent Appalachian Headwater Streams

Dunlap, Rebecca 05 1900 (has links)
Dispersal of aquatic insects is difficult to measure with traditional direct trapping methodologies. However, genetic markers are an ideal surrogate to indirectly infer dispersal and gene flow. For this research, a portion of the cytochrome oxidase I gene was used to evaluate gene flow and dispersal of Epeorus pleuralis located in the northern Appalachian headwater streams of the Allegheny, Genesee, and Susquehanna watersheds. A total of 536 basepairs from 16 individual insects were used for analysis. Thirteen haplotypes were discovered, two of which were shared between the Allegheny and Genesee streams. Although no shared haplotypes were found in the Susquehanna, analysis of molecular variance results suggest that there is not a significant genetic difference between the three populations and attributes the majority of variation to within population differences.
8

Avaliação da qualidade ambiental, utilizando invertebrados bentônicos, nos rios Atibaia, Atibainha e Cachoeira, SP / Envitonmental quality assessment using benthic invertebrates: Atibaia, Atibainha, and Cahoeira rivers, São Paulo, Brazil

Imbimbo, Helio Rubens Victorino 10 November 2006 (has links)
As fases imaturas dos insetos das Ordens Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT) são consideradas membros sensíveis da comunidade macrobentônica dos ecossistemas lóticos. Portanto, são freqüentemente utilizados como indicadores de perturbações ambientais como a poluição. Foram adotados oito pontos de amostragem ao longo dos rios Atibainha, Cachoeira e Atibaia, na bacia do rio Piracicaba, São Paulo. Nestes locais foram determinadas as qualidades e toxicidades da água e do sedimento, bem como a composição do EPT em seis diferentes habitats, nas estações seca e chuvosa. Os resultados mostraram um gradiente de poluição ao longo dos rios que foi acompanhado pelo índice EPT nos níveis de gênero e família. Não foi possível selecionar grupos de táxons como indicadores de condições ambientais degradadas e preservadas, pois a maioria dos gêneros ocorrentes é tolerante à poluição. Recomenda-se o uso do índice EPT no nível de família nos programas de biomonitoramento regionais. / Immature insects of the Orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) are considered sensible members of the macrobenthic community in lotic ecosystems. Accordingly, they are often used as indicators of environmental disturbances as pollution. Eight sampling sites were established along the rivers Atibainha, Cachoeira and Atibaia of Piracicaba river basin, São Paulo, Brazil, where water and sediment quality, toxicity, as well as EPT composition in six different habitats, were determined in dry and wet seasons. The results showed a pollution gradient along the water stream matched with EPT index at genus and family levels. It was not possible to select groups of taxa as indicators of degraded and preserved environmental conditions because most of genera occurring are tolerant to pollution. It is recommended the use of EPT index in family level in stream biomonitoring programs for regional purposes.
9

Avaliação da qualidade ambiental, utilizando invertebrados bentônicos, nos rios Atibaia, Atibainha e Cachoeira, SP / Envitonmental quality assessment using benthic invertebrates: Atibaia, Atibainha, and Cahoeira rivers, São Paulo, Brazil

Helio Rubens Victorino Imbimbo 10 November 2006 (has links)
As fases imaturas dos insetos das Ordens Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (EPT) são consideradas membros sensíveis da comunidade macrobentônica dos ecossistemas lóticos. Portanto, são freqüentemente utilizados como indicadores de perturbações ambientais como a poluição. Foram adotados oito pontos de amostragem ao longo dos rios Atibainha, Cachoeira e Atibaia, na bacia do rio Piracicaba, São Paulo. Nestes locais foram determinadas as qualidades e toxicidades da água e do sedimento, bem como a composição do EPT em seis diferentes habitats, nas estações seca e chuvosa. Os resultados mostraram um gradiente de poluição ao longo dos rios que foi acompanhado pelo índice EPT nos níveis de gênero e família. Não foi possível selecionar grupos de táxons como indicadores de condições ambientais degradadas e preservadas, pois a maioria dos gêneros ocorrentes é tolerante à poluição. Recomenda-se o uso do índice EPT no nível de família nos programas de biomonitoramento regionais. / Immature insects of the Orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) are considered sensible members of the macrobenthic community in lotic ecosystems. Accordingly, they are often used as indicators of environmental disturbances as pollution. Eight sampling sites were established along the rivers Atibainha, Cachoeira and Atibaia of Piracicaba river basin, São Paulo, Brazil, where water and sediment quality, toxicity, as well as EPT composition in six different habitats, were determined in dry and wet seasons. The results showed a pollution gradient along the water stream matched with EPT index at genus and family levels. It was not possible to select groups of taxa as indicators of degraded and preserved environmental conditions because most of genera occurring are tolerant to pollution. It is recommended the use of EPT index in family level in stream biomonitoring programs for regional purposes.
10

Partição da diversidade de insetos aquáticos em riachos do sul do Brasil / Partitioning diversity of aquatic insects in streams of the Southern Brazil

Hepp, Luiz Ubiratan January 2011 (has links)
O presente estudo teve por objetivo principal avaliar a distribuição espacial de insetos aquáticos (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera; EPT) em riachos do Sul do Brasil. Para tanto, foram realizados diferentes estudos com objetivos específicos direcionados a (i) avaliar o efeito de fatores ambientais e espaciais sobre a distribuição dos organismos, (ii) verificar as escalas heirárquicas onde ocorreram maior variação da comunidade (diversidade beta), (iii) testar a existência de relação entre a composição de espécies e diferentes distâncias espaciais e (iv) avaliar a importância da inclusão de espécies raras na diversidade beta de insetos aquáticos. No primeiro estudo, realizado em Maquiné-RS, observei que os preditores ambientais possuem maior importância na explicação da diversidade beta das comunidades do que a distância entre os trechos . No segundo estudo, em São José dos Ausentes–RS, particionei a diversidade em múltiplas escalas. A partição aditiva utilizada demonstrou que as escalas maiores (riachos e microbacias) foram as de maior importância para estruturação da comunidade. No último estudo, utilizei um método de decomposição da variância da comunidade em múltiplas escalas espaciais utilizando uma matriz biológica contendo toda a fauna de EPT coletada e outra matriz com exclusão das espécies raras. Neste estudo foi possível observar que a variação existente nas escalas de corredeiras, riachos e microbacias foi baixa. A exclusão das morfo-espécies raras não afetou esta variação, demonstrando que em estudos de distribuição espacial, o esforço pode ser direcionado às espécies comuns. Assim, considerando a importância que pequenos riachos possuem em termos de bacias hidrográficas a manutenção da heterogeneidade destas bacias em múltiplas escalas espaciais poderá contribuir para o incremento da biodiversidade aquática. / The present study aimed at assessing the spatial distribution of aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera; EPT) in streams of the Southern Brazil. Three studies have been conducted with specific objectives at (i) to evaluate the effect of environmental and spatial factors on organisms distribution, (ii) to verify the hierarchical scales where the highest community variation (beta diversity) was found, (iii) to test the existence of a relationship between species composition and different spatial distances and (iv) to evaluate the importance of including rare species in beta diversity of aquatic insects. In the first study, conducted in Maquiné-RS, I noticed that the environmental predictors are more important in explaining the beta diversity of the communities than the distance between the sites. In the second study in São José dos Ausentes-RS, I partitioned the diversity at multiple scales. The additive partitioning used showed that the larger scales (streams and microbasins) were the most important for community structure. In the last study I used a method of community variance decomposition at multiple spatial scales using a biological full matrix EPT fauna and another array without rare species. In this study I observed that the variation in the riffles, streams and microbasin scales was low. The exclusion of rare morphospecies did not affect this variation, showing that in studies of spatial distribution, the effort can be directed to the common species. Thus, considering the importance that the small streams have in hidrographic basins, in terms of maintaining the heterogeneity of these basins at multiple spatial scales, they may contribute to the increase of aquatic biodiversity.

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