Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-26T20:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Phillipe Bauer de Ara?jo D?ria.pdf: 2728729 bytes, checksum: 9a6172b97d933c398e4d0dd04647cad7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-26T20:02:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Phillipe Bauer de Ara?jo D?ria.pdf: 2728729 bytes, checksum: 9a6172b97d933c398e4d0dd04647cad7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / The current study aims to develop a minimally invasive surgical technique with the use of cryosurgery that provides sterilization of sheep for different purposes. It was used eighteen rams, half blood Santa In?s x Dorper, pubescent, with aged between 8 and 12 months and scrotal circumference greater than or equal to 25 cm, kept in confinement. The animals were weighed, clinical and hematological tests were done. By ultrasonographic, testes, epididymides and spermatic cords were evaluated and was made breeding soundness examination, serum testosterone dosage and libido test. After being considered suitable, were divided into two groups, with nine animals each group: TEST GROUP (TG) and CONTROL GROUP (CG). The surgical technique in TG consisted in the transfixing of the tail of the epididymis in the medial latero direction, with sterile and disposable hypodermic needle of 0.80 x 40mm, 21G x 1 ?, is being coupled to a circuit composed of stainless steel adapter attached to a flexible rubber tube with 15 cm in length, diameter of 7,05mm and 4,50mm of lumen, connected to unit Cryogun CryAc, then receiving the application of two cycles of freeze / thaw, by time of 60 / 45 seconds respectively by repeating the procedure on the contralateral organ. In CG proceeded only epididymis tail transfixion as previously described, without cryosurgery, waiting for the same time interval as in TG. The animals were observed for a period of 33 days, repeating to the end of this stage all tests performed before surgery, followed by orchiectomy to obtain the testis, the epididymides and tunics for macroscopic and histological in stained laminas by hematoxylin and eosin observed in optical microscopy. Semen analysis performed at 33 days revealed azoospermia in six of the nine sheep allocated in TG which was not observed in CG sheep. The statistical analysis showed no significant changes in body weight, scrotal circumference and libido of TG animals. Serum testosterone measurements before and after the procedure in TG were within the curve. Ultrasonography in the TG showed no changes in the testicular parenchyma, however demonstrating changes in the shape and increased epididymal tail dimensions with heterogeneous echo texture and the presence of cystic cavities occupying a large area of the epididymis tail, with hypoechoic homogeneous content inside. Microscopy revealed changes in the testicles of eight TG animals as contracted seminiferous tubules, diffuse vacuolation of germ cells, absence of sperm cells in the lineage, reduction in sperm production and the presence of sperm cells dead. It was noted in the epididymal tail semen extravasation into the interstitial space, with the formation of spermatic granuloma, adjacent fibrosis, and the presence of large vacuoles with stasis of the sperm cells inside and thickening of the coats in some patients. It concludes that the proposed technique in TG is safe, fast, easy to perform, with low cost, minimally invasive and free of the occurrence of postoperative complications, providing sterilization of six of the nine sheep evaluated in the 33-day period. / O presente estudo visa o desenvolvimento de t?cnica cir?rgica minimamente invasiva com o emprego da criocirurgia que proporcione a esteriliza??o de carneiros para diferentes fins. Foram utilizados 18 ovinos, mesti?os Santa In?s x Dorper, machos, inteiros, p?beres, com idade entre 8 e 12 meses e circunfer?ncia escrotal maior ou igual a 25 cm, mantidos em confinamento. Os animais foram submetidos a pesagem, avalia??o cl?nica, hematol?gica, ultrassonografia de test?culo/epid?dimo e cord?o esperm?tico, exame androl?gico, dosagem de testosterona s?rica e teste de libido. Ap?s serem considerados aptos, foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais, com nove animais cada, denominados GRUPO TESTE (GT) e GRUPO CONTROLE (GC). A t?cnica cir?rgica aplicada nos pacientes do (GT) consistiu da transfixa??o da cauda do epid?dimo com agulha hipod?rmica est?ril descart?vel 0,80 x 40mm, 21G x 1 ?, no sentido latero medial, estando esta acoplada a um circuito composto por adaptador de a?o inox ligado um tubo de borracha flex?vel de 15cm de comprimento, 7,05mm de di?metro e l?men de 4,50mm, conectado a aparelho Cryogun CryAc, recebendo ent?o a aplica??o de dois ciclos de congelamento / descongelamento, pelo tempo de 60 segundos / 45 segundos respectivamente, repetindo-se o procedimento no ?rg?o contralateral. No GC procedeu-se apenas a transfixa??o da cauda do epid?dimo conforme descrito previamente, aguardando-se pelo mesmo intervalo de tempo que no GT, sem a realiza??o da criocirurgia. Os animais foram acompanhados por um per?odo de 33 dias, repetindo-se ao final desta etapa todos os exames realizados antes da interven??o cir?rgica, seguidos de orquiectomia para obten??o das pe?as contendo os test?culos, epid?dimos e t?nicas para avalia??o macrosc?pica e posterior an?lise histopatol?gica das l?minas coradas por Hematoxilina e Eosina em microscopia ?ptica. O espermograma realizado aos 33 dias revelou azoospermia em seis dos nove carneiros do GT, n?o tendo sido observado este quadro em nenhum dos ovinos do GC. As analises estat?sticas n?o evidenciaram altera??es significativas para peso corporal, per?metro escrotal e libido dos animais do GT. As dosagens de testosterona s?rica antes e ap?s a realiza??o da t?cnica proposta no GT situaram-se dentro da curva. O exame ultrassonogr?fico do GT n?o evidenciou altera??es no par?nquima testicular, demonstrando por?m altera??es na forma e aumento das dimens?es da cauda do epid?dimo, com ecotextura heterog?nea e a presen?a de cavidades c?sticas ocupando uma grande ?rea da cauda do epididimo, com conte?do homog?neo hipoec?ico em seu interior. A microscopia revelou altera??es nos test?culos em oito animais do GT com t?bulos semin?feros contra?dos, vacuoliza??o difusa de c?lulas germinativas, aus?ncia de c?lulas da linhagem esperm?tica, redu??o na produ??o de espermatozoides e presen?a de espermatozoides mortos, notou-se na cauda do epid?dimo o extravazamento de s?men para o interst?cio, com a forma??o de granuloma esperm?tico, fibrose adjacente, al?m da presen?a de grandes vac?olos com estase de espermatozoides no seu interior e espessamento das t?nicas em alguns pacientes. Conclu?mos que a t?cnica proposta no GT mostrou-se segura, r?pida, de f?cil execu??o, baixo custo, minimamente invasiva e isenta da ocorr?ncia de complica??es p?s-operat?rias, proporcionando a esteriliza??o de seis dos nove carneiros avaliados no per?odo de 33 dias.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-04T20:01:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSerafimDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1281426 bytes, checksum: 6cdad3aba7595958f61e934a0dd41917 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-13T00:16:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSerafimDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1281426 bytes, checksum: 6cdad3aba7595958f61e934a0dd41917 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-13T00:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoSerafimDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 1281426 bytes, checksum: 6cdad3aba7595958f61e934a0dd41917 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / Considerando-se a import?ncia ecol?gica do morcego Artibeus planirostris e a import?ncia da avalia??o epididim?ria para o entendimento de sua fun??o reprodutiva, objetivou-se compreender os par?metros reprodutivos desta esp?cie a partir da an?lise morfol?gica e morfom?trica do epid?dimo. Foram utilizados 16 animais adultos, coletados durante as esta??es seca (n=08) e chuvosa (n=08) de 2014. As capturas foram realizadas na cidade de Natal-RN (latitude 5?50?33.9?S e longitude 35?12?07.6? W) (autoriza??o SISBIO no 25233-1), utilizando-se redes de neblina. Ap?s anestesia e eutan?sia por perfus?o transcard?aca, foi realizada a coleta dos epid?dimos (autoriza??o CEUA/UFRN no 009/2012), seguido de processamento histol?gico para inclus?o em historesina e an?lises sob microscopia de luz. An?lises morfom?tricas dos componentes do par?nquima epididim?rio foram realizadas a partir da captura de imagens das l?minas histol?gicas, utilizando-se o software Image-Pro Plus. Os resultados foram submetidos ? ANOVA, sendo as m?dias comparadas pelo teste t de Student ao n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%, seguido do p?s-teste de Tukey. Nas duas esta??es analisadas, a avalia??o morfol?gica do epid?dimo revelou que o ?rg?o apresentou-se dividido em 4 regi?es principais: segmento inicial, cabe?a, corpo e cauda. O par?nquima apresentou-se composto predominantemente por t?bulos epididim?rios, sustentados por tecido conjuntivo intertubular. Ao longo das tr?s por??es epididim?rias os t?bulos ocuparam 75,07?2,94% do par?nquima na esta??o chuvosa e 67,23?2,44% na esta??o seca, sendo seus percentuais nas regi?es da cabe?a e corpo significativamente maiores na esta??o chuvosa em rela??o ? esta??o seca. O restante do par?nquima foi representado pela regi?o intertubular, que apresentou redu??o proporcional nas mesmas regi?es entre as esta??es. Os t?bulos foram constitu?dos por epit?lio pseudoestratificado cil?ndrico com estereoc?lios, apoiado sobre uma t?nica pr?pria, e l?men. O epit?lio epididim?rio foi o principal componente do t?bulo epididim?rio, sendo que na regi?o da cauda seu percentual foi maior na esta??o seca (27,58?8,33%) em rela??o ? chuvosa (17,79?4,33%). Este epit?lio apresentou-se composto pelas c?lulas principais (PR), basais (BA), estreitas (ES), halo (HA), claras (CL) e apicais (AP), sendo que a primeira e a ?ltima apresentaram, respectivamente, maior e menor distribui??o em todas as regi?es epididim?rias nas duas esta??es. Tanto na regi?o da cabe?a quanto da cauda, as c?lulas PR foram as mais predominantes no epit?lio epididim?rio na esta??o seca em rela??o ? esta??o chuvosa, enquanto as c?lulas BA foram mais predominantes na esta??o chuvosa, tanto na cabe?a quanto na cauda. As c?lulas AP apresentaram maior distribui??o na cabe?a do epid?dimo durante a esta??o chuvosa, enquanto as c?lulas ES apresentaram maior distribui??o no corpo do epid?dimo na esta??o seca, sendo seu registro nessa por??o epididim?ria constituiu um achado novo. Observou-se aumento gradativo em diversos par?metros da cabe?a em dire??o ? cauda, tais como o di?metro dos t?bulos epididim?rios, do l?men e percentual com espermatozoides e da camada de c?lulas musculares lisas ao redor dos t?bulos epididim?rios, contrastando com a diminui??o na altura do epit?lio. Muitos destes par?metros apresentaram maiores valores na esta??o chuvosa em rela??o ? esta??o seca. Conclui-se que o epid?dimo de A. planirostris apresentou-se, de um modo geral, semelhante ao descrito para outros mam?feros, com destaque para as c?lulas estreitas, registradas pela primeira vez na regi?o do corpo. Foram encontrados espermatozoides no l?men dos t?bulos epididim?rios nas duas esta??es avaliadas, especialmente na regi?o da cauda, mostrando assim um padr?o reprodutivo anual cont?nuo, com picos de reprodu??o na esta??o chuvosa. / Considering the ecological importance of the bat Artibeus planirostris and the importance of the epididymal evaluation for the understanding of its reproductive function, this study aimed to understand the reproductive parameters of this species, from the morphological and morphometric analysis of the epididymis. Sixteen adult animals were collected during the dry season (n = 08) and rainy season (n = 08), in 2014. The captures were taken in the city of Natal-RN (5?50'33.9"S and 35?12'07.6"W) (SISBIO authorization no. 25233-1), using mist nets. After anesthesia and euthanasia by transcardiac perfusion, the epididymis were collected (CEUA/UFRN authorization no. 009/2012), followed by histological processing for embedding in historesin and analysis under light microscopy. Morphometric analyzes of the epididymal parenchyma were performed using images from the histological slides, by the Image-Pro Plus software. The results were submitted to ANOVA, and the means were compared by Student's t-test at a significance level of 5%, followed by Tukey's post-test. At the two analyzed seasons, the morphological evaluation showed that the organ was divided into 4 main regions: initial segment, head, body and tail. The parenchyma was predominantly composed of epididymal tubules, supported by intertubular connective tissue. During the three main epididymal portions, the tubules occupied 75.07 ? 2.94 % of parenchyma in rainy season and 67.23 ? 2.44 % in dry season, and its percentages in the head and body were significantly larger in rainy season compared to dry season. The remaining parenchyma was represented by the intertubular region, which showed proportional reduction in the same regions and seasons. The tubules were composed of cylindrical pseudostratified epithelium with stereocilia, supported by a tunica propria and lumen. The epididymal epithelium was the main component of the epididymal tubule. In the tail region, its percentage was higher in dry season (27.58 ? 8.33%) than in rainy season (17.79 ? 4.33%). This epithelium was composed by main (MA), basal (BA), narrow (NA), halo (HA), clear (CL) and apical (AP) cells. The first and the last ones showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest distributions in all epididymal regions, in both rainy and dry seasons. In the head and tail regions, MA cells were the most predominant in the epididymal epithelium in the dry season in relation to the rainy season, while BA cells were the most predominant in the rainy season, such in head as in tail. AP cells had a higher distribution in epididymis head during the rainy season, while NA cells had a greater distribution in the epididymis body during dry season, being its observation in this epididymal portion a new finding. There was an increase in several morphometrical parameters, from the head to the tail, such as the tubular and luminal diameter and its percentages with spermatozoa, as well the muscle cells surrounding the epididymal tubules, in contrast with a decrease in epithelial high. Several of these parameters showed larger values in the rainy season in relation to the dry season. It can be concluded that the epididymis of A. planirostris was similar to that described for other mammals, and the narrow cells were recorded in the region of the body for the first time. It was found spermatozoa in the lumen of epididymal tubules during the two seasons evaluated, especially in the tail region, showing a continuous annual reproductive pattern, with reproductive peaks in the rainy season.