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Orientador: Julio Cesar Hadler Neto / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T23:51:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Curvo_EduardoAugustoCampos_D.pdf: 2296966 bytes, checksum: 8510bd301872383debffac77715c4a2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Amostras e epídoto a Serra da Mantiqueira foram datadas via o Método a Populações e via o Método o Detector Externo e o valor médio as idades foi (201 ± 15) Ma. As atações apresentaram concordância entre si e os valores das idades se situam entre valores obtidos através e traços e fissão em apatitas (127 ± 10) Ma e zircões (369 ± 15) Ma para amostras coleta as próximas às utilizadas nas datações os epídotos. Também foram efetuados estudos referentes ao annealing os traços e fissão em epídoto.As curvas e annealing em epídoto foram obtidas para os tempos e aquecimento de 10,100,1000 horas e temperaturas entre 340 e 850 ºC. A curva de redução e densidade é mais próxima à proposta por Naeser et al.(1970), que possui temperatura de fechamento estima a de 630 ºC. E a curva e redução e comprimento, também obtida, é a primeira desse tipo a ser medida para o epídoto. O ajuste dos dados e comprimento, realiza o utilizando-se o modelo proposto por nosso grupo, conduziu a uma zona e annealing parcial com limites e 411 e 544 ºC para o intervalo e tempo de 1 Ma. Esses valores a colocam acima das zonas correspondentes para a apatita e para o zircão. Foram realizadas três medidas o fator e eficiência (g), necessário para realizar datações e epídoto via o Método do Detector Externo (MDE). Essas medidas conduziram ao valor 1,06 ± 0,08 (1 s ),que difere os valores de g encontrados para outros minerais (0,684 ± 0,012 para zircão; 0,601 ± 0,023 para titanita e 0,549 ± 0,015 para apatita). O valor e g obtido para o epídoto representa que mesmo em geometria 4 p o mineral registra duas vezes menos traços que a mica muscovita (geometria 2 p) / Abstract: Epidote fission-track ages for samples from the Serra da Mantiqueira were obtaine via both Population an External Detector Methods (EDM) an the mean value was (201 ± 15) Ma. The ages showe internal consistency an are place between those obtained through apatite, (127 ± 10) Ma, and the zircon fission-track dating, (369 ± 15) Ma. Studies concerning the epidote fission track annealing were also performed. The annealing curves were obtaine for annealing times of 10, 100, 100 hours an temperatures ranging from 340 to 850 ºC. The curve of reduce ensity is closest to that proposed by Naeser et al.(1970), which has estimate a closure temperature of 630 ºC (1 Ma). The curve of reduce length,also measured, is the first of this kin obtaine for epidote. The fitting of the length ata, performe by using the model propose by our Group, conducted to a partial annealing zone (PAZ) with borders at 411 an 544 ºC for 1 Ma. These values place epidote PAZ above the estimate PAZ for apatite an zircon. Three measurements of the efficiency factor (g), necessary to perform EDM, were carrie out. Those measurements conducted to the value 1.06 ± 0.08 (1s), which differs from those found for others minerals (0.684 ± 0.012 for zircon; 0.601 ± 0.023 for titanite an 0.549 ± 0.015 for apatite). The value of g obtained to epidote means that even in 4 p geometry the mineral registers two times less tracks than the muscovite mica (2 p geometry) / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

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The Gibraltar porphyry-Cu deposit is a large open pit porphyry Cu mine in Canada with the geological tonnage (production and reserves) of 3.2 Mt Cu. The Gibraltar deposit is hosted by the Granite Mountain Batholith (GMB), a tonalitic batholith with the surface exposure over 150 km2. All rocks within the batholith are tonalites with minor quartz diorites. The batholith intrudes into mafic volcanoclastic rocks of the Nicola group in the Quesnel terrane of the Canadian Cordillera. The Cu mineralization at Gibraltar is confined to a small 4.5 km2 area in the central part of the batholith and occurs primarily as disseminated chalcopyrite. New U-Pb dating on zircon shows protracted late Triassic magmatism spanning ~25 m.y. for the formation of the GMB. Early magmatism is dated at 229.2±4.4 Ma in unmineralized tonalites. Later, at least three magmatism form the Cu mineralization during a period spanning from 218.9±3.1 Ma to 205.8±2.1 Ma. These fertile magmas form in a more mature arc setting, superseded early barren magmatic activity in a more juvenile arc setting for the bulk of the GMB. Epidote in the GMB shows compositional zoning with Fe-poor cores and Fe-rich rims. The zoning in the mineralized intrusions likely reflects changes in hydrothermal fluid, from S-rich to S-poor. The data from the Gibraltar deposit shows that an economic porphyry Cu deposit may be found in igneous rocks with low Sr/Y in bulk rocks and low Eu/Eu* in zircon. In the Gibraltar deposit, Ce anomalies in zircon reflect oxidation conditions and are correlated with Cu resource associated with their respective intrusion.

A common driving mechanism of metamorphic processes, from which secondary mineralizations and structures develop in a protolith, is known to be a change of the immediate P-T environment that a rock resides in. A factor in this process, which is poorly understood, however, is how the presence of metamorphic fluids in a system, influences the alteration of primary igneous rocks. How these volatile solutions interact with the solid mediums of the crust is thereby a topic which requires further research to unravel.    Incidentally, an opportunity to study the result of these interactions, has presented itself in the southern part (59o80’92”N, 17o59’91”E) of Hågadalen-Nåsten nature reserve in Uppsala, Sweden. In this area, a green mineral assemblage, believed to belong to the epidote group, has been observed. This mineral is theorized to have formed as a result of fluid-rock interactions that have occurred in the region and is therefore a subject of interest. A detailed study of the origin of this mineral assemblage could possibly shed light on the finer aspects of the fluid-rocks interactions that have occurred, and also provide and account of the transport of fluids throughout the local bedrock. The aim of this project was to identify the minerology and formation process of this green mineral, which occupies the joints in a cliff of granitic composition. The determination of how and when this mineral assemblage formed is believed to grant a more in depth understanding of the metamorphic and metasomatic processes that have transpired at this location, in addition to providing an account of the fluid transport and fluid-rock interactions in the area.   Through fieldwork and sampling, combined with descriptions of the regional bedrock provided by SGU, the local lithology was determined. With this information, in addition to data collected from optic microscopy and an EMP analysis, the mineral was identified to be an iron rich epidote, showing signs of weak zoning. The formation of this secondary mineralization can be determined to be the result of the alteration of anorthite to saussurite (saussuritization of plagioclase) in addition to the direct precipitation of epidote from the liquid medium onto joint surfaces. Through the use of BSEM, it could also be determined that a majority of the fluids migrated through open fracture systems in the bedrock. / Förändringar av de tryck och temperaturregimer som bergarter befinner sig inom, har sedan länge varit en känd orsak bakom de metamorfa processer, ur vilket sekundära mineraliseringar och strukturer uppstår i protoliten. Något som inte är lika väl studerat är dock rollen som fluider spelar i dessa förändringsprocesser, samt hur dessa volatila lösningar interagerar med skorpans solida faser.   I södra delen av Hågadalen-Nåstens naturreservat (59o80’92”N, 17o59’91”E2) har dock möjligheten till att studera resultatet av dessa interaktioner uppstått. Detta då en grön mineralsammansättning troligen tillhörande epidot gruppen, har upptäckts, vars ursprung tros komma ur fluid- och bergarts interaktioner i området. En studie av detta mineral är därav av intresse, eftersom det skulle ge en inblick i hur dessa fluider har transporterats genom den lokala berggrunden, samt vilken påverkan dessa fluid-interaktioner har haft på områdets bergarter.   Detta projekt syftade mot att identifiera mineralogin samt bildningsprocessen av detta gröna mineral som fyller ut sprickor i en vertikal klippvägg, av överhängande granitisk karaktär. En utredning kring hur och när detta mineral har bildats tros kunna ge en fördjupad förståelse kring de metamorfa och metasomatiska processer som har ägt rum i närområdet, samt antyda hur dessa fluider har migrerat genom den tidigorogena berggrunden och vilken påverkan detta har haft på bergsmassivet.      Genom observationer och provtagning i fällt, samt en studie av SGU:s beskrivning av berggrunden i området 11I Uppsala NV, har de den lokala litologin samt de geologiska processerna som påverkat närområdet utretts. Denna information, i kombination med optisk mikroskopi och en EMP analys, användes för att fastställa mineralets kemiska karaktär och kristallsystemstillhörighet. Resultaten från dessa analysmetoder lade grunden för att identifiera mineralet som en järn-rik, svagt zonerad, epidot.       Troliga processer som har legat bakom bildandet av denna sekundära mineralisering bedöms vara omvandlingen av anortit till saussurit (saussuritisering av plagioklas) samt kristallisering av epidot direkt ur fluider som cirkulerat i området. Genom observationer av BSE bilder från tunnslip, fastställdes även att majoriteten av dessa fluider har transporterats genom redan befintliga spricksystem i berggrunden.

Cette recherche doctorale en histoire immédiate, s'inscrit dans une réflexion plus large sur l'étude de nouveaux conflits, la culture et l'emploi des forces armées françaises sur le terrain, en prenant l'exemple de son engagement en Afghanistan. Elle porte particulièrement sur l'emploi de l'arme du génie dont nous postulons à la grande importance de ses savoir-faire sur le terrain, en situation de contre-insurrection. / This doctoral research takes part on the study of the new conflicts, by taking the example of the French engineers in Afghanistan. We postulate for the big importance of these combat support units in situation of counterinsurgency.