by Wong On Nei. / Thesis submitted in: October 2004. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-116). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xiii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Lethal and sublethal effects of SS on fish --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Biological effects --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Molecular biomarkers --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition assay --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Induction of cytochrome P450 mRNA --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Induction of metallothionein mRNA --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Study on CYP1A and MT expression / induction --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Reverse Transcription (RT) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.11 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- Study sites --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sediment --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Sediment samples collection --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Sediment handling --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Sediment dry-wet (w/w) ratio measurement --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Heavy metal content analysis --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Organic content analysis --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- Test organism --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- Bioassays --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- 10-day exposure treatments --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- Experimental setup --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- Procedure --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.1.3 --- Tissue sample collection --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- 30-day exposure treatments --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Behavioural observations --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Tissue sample collection --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5 --- Molecular Biomarkers --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Tested samples --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition assay --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Acetylcholinesterase activity assay --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- BioRad Bradford assay --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.2.3 --- Calculation of specific enzyme activity --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Study on CYP1A and MT expression / induction --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.3.1 --- Gill and liver tissue samples --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.3.2 --- Preparation of ribonuclease free reagents and apparatus --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.3.3 --- Isolation of total RNA --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.3.4 --- Spectrophotometric analyses of DNA and RNA --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.3.5 --- First strand cDNA synthesis --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.3.6 --- Cloning and sequencing of CYP1A and MT gene --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.3.7 --- RT-PCR co-amplification of CYP1A and 18S rRNA --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5.3.8 --- Real-time RT-PCR --- p.36 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- RESULTS --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1 --- Sediment chemistry --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Sediment dry-wet (w/w) ratio --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Heavy metal content of sediments --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Levels of total PCBs and PAHs in sediment --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Monitoring of test conditions --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Bioassays --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Survivorship --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Growth --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Feeding rate --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Behaviour --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Sediment clogging --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Body lesions --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Abnormal behaviour --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4 --- Molecular biomarkers --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition assay --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Cloning and sequencing of CYP1A and MT gene --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- RT-PCR co-amplification of CYP1A and 18S rRNA --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Real-time RT-PCR --- p.77 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- DISCUSSION --- p.84 / Chapter 4.1 --- Sediment chemistry --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2 --- Biological responses --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3 --- Molecular biomarkers --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Acetylcholinesterase activity inhibition assay --- p.91 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Cloning and sequencing of CYP1A and MT gene --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- RT-PCR co-amplification of CYP1A and 18S rRNA --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Real-time RT-PCR --- p.95 / Chapter 4.4 --- Recommendations --- p.99 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.100 / REFERENCES --- p.101 / APPENDIX --- p.117

Pak Ah Pan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-158). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ix / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xvi / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- LITERATURE REVIEWS --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- Sediment pollution problems --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- Effects of suspended sediments (SS) on aquatic biota --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3. --- Histopathological biomarkers in fish --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- INTRODUCTION --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1. --- Sediments --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Sediment sampling sites --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- Sediment collection and handling --- p.25 / Chapter 3.1.3. --- Chemical analysis of sediments --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2. --- Collection and maintenance of fish --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3. --- Sediment bioassays for groupers (E. coioides) --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Preparation of suspended sediments (SS) --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Experimental design --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.2.1. --- 10-day exposure experiment --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.2.2. --- 30-day exposure experiment --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3.2.3. --- Time-course and recovery experiment --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Measurement of oxygen consumption and ventilation rates --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4. --- "Tissue sample collection, preparation and examinations" --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Study of sediment clogging --- p.35 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study --- p.37 / Chapter 3.4.3. --- Histopathological investigations --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4.3.1. --- Histopathology of gills --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4.3.2. --- Histopathology of liver --- p.40 / Chapter 3.4.3.3. --- Histopathology of kidney --- p.41 / Chapter 3.5. --- Sediment bioassays for seabreams (A. schlegeli) --- p.42 / Chapter 3.6. --- Statistical analysis --- p.43 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- RESULTS --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1. --- Chemical analysis of sediments --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2. --- Physicochemical parameters --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3. --- Sediment bioassays for groupers (E. coioides) --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3.1. --- Feeding rate --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3.2. --- Growth rate --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3.3. --- Sediment clogging --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3.4. --- Survival rates --- p.53 / Chapter 4.3.5. --- Oxygen consumption rate and ventilation rate --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.6. --- SEM study --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.7. --- Histopathological investigations --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.7.1. --- Histopathology of gills --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.7.2. --- Histopathology of liver --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3.7.3. --- Histopathology of kidney --- p.94 / Chapter 4.4. --- Sediment bioassays for seabreams (A. schlegeli) --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.1. --- Survival rates --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.2. --- Histopathological investigations of gills and liver --- p.113 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- DISCUSSION --- p.122 / Chapter 5.1. --- Hypoxic effects of SS on histopathology --- p.122 / Chapter 5.2. --- Synergistic effects between SS and chemical --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3. --- Effects of gill impairment on biological responses --- p.131 / Chapter 5.4. --- Reparability of histopathological alterations --- p.135 / Chapter 5.5. --- Species differences in sensitivity to SS --- p.135 / Chapter 5.6 --- Recommendation --- p.136 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- CONCLUSION --- p.138 / APPENDICES --- p.140 / REFERENCES --- p.149

by Tse Ching Yee Carol. / Thesis submitted in: September 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-90). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / 摘要 --- p.iv / Acknowledgments --- p.vi / Table of contents --- p.vii / List of tables X / List of figures --- p.xii / Chapter 1.0 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Sediment pollution in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Impact of suspended sediment on fish --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Biochemical responses to pollution --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Creatine kinase (CK) --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- DNA damage --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Study of recovery --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives and significances --- p.11 / Chapter 2.0 --- Materials and Methods --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1 --- Study sites --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sediments collection and handling --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3 --- Measurement of heavy metals and organic contents of sediment --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- Exposure tests --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Test organisms --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- 10- and 30-day exposure experiments --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- 20-day exposure and recovery experiment --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5 --- Biochemical responses --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- "Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatine kinase (CK) activities" --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity (EROD) --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- DNA damage --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.22 / Chapter 3.0 --- Results --- p.24 / Chapter 3.1 --- Physical and chemical parameters --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2 --- Pollutants in sediment --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- Mortality --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4 --- Biochemical responses --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- 10- and 30-day exposure experiments --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- 20-day exposure and recovery experiments --- p.50 / Chapter 4.0 --- Discussion --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1 --- "Sediment pollution at Port Shelter, Mirs Bay and Victoria Harbor" --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2 --- Biochemical responses --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 10- and 30-day exposure experiments --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- "AST, ALT and CK" --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- EROD --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- DNA damage --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 20-day exposure and recovery experiments --- p.69 / Chapter 5.0 --- Recommendations and conclusions --- p.73 / References --- p.75 / Appendix --- p.91