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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Testing the Role of an Arf GTPase-activating Protein dASAP in Epithelial Cell Polarity in the Drosophila Embryo

Shao, Wei 11 January 2011 (has links)
Baz/PAR3 is a key regulator of epithelial cell polarity (ECP). To identify proteins functioning with Baz, I completed a baz genetic interaction screen by localizing 15 GFP-tagged candidates. Then I tested the role of a top candidate, dASAP (Drosophila Arf GTPase-activating protein with SH3 domain, Ankyrin repeat and PH domain), in Drosophila ECP. To determine whether dASAP might interact with polarity players, I defined the localization of dASAP throughout embryogenesis with GFP-tagged proteins and an anti-dASAP antibody. To study how loss of dASAP function affects ECP, I generated a deletion allele by imprecise P-element excision. To evaluate how each of the six domains of dASAP contributes to its localization and functions, I generated constructs deleting each domain. I found associations between dASAP, actin and the apical domain. The six domains may act redundantly to localize dASAP, although interactions between domains may affect the degree of membrane association.
2

Testing the Role of an Arf GTPase-activating Protein dASAP in Epithelial Cell Polarity in the Drosophila Embryo

Shao, Wei 11 January 2011 (has links)
Baz/PAR3 is a key regulator of epithelial cell polarity (ECP). To identify proteins functioning with Baz, I completed a baz genetic interaction screen by localizing 15 GFP-tagged candidates. Then I tested the role of a top candidate, dASAP (Drosophila Arf GTPase-activating protein with SH3 domain, Ankyrin repeat and PH domain), in Drosophila ECP. To determine whether dASAP might interact with polarity players, I defined the localization of dASAP throughout embryogenesis with GFP-tagged proteins and an anti-dASAP antibody. To study how loss of dASAP function affects ECP, I generated a deletion allele by imprecise P-element excision. To evaluate how each of the six domains of dASAP contributes to its localization and functions, I generated constructs deleting each domain. I found associations between dASAP, actin and the apical domain. The six domains may act redundantly to localize dASAP, although interactions between domains may affect the degree of membrane association.
3

Specific roles of epithelial integrins in chemical and physical sensing of the extracellular matrix to regulate cell shape and polarity

Myllymäki, S.-M. (Satu-Marja) 21 September 2015 (has links)
Abstract Integrins are a large family of αβ-heterodimeric cell adhesion receptors of which the cell type specific expression defines the extracellular matrix (ECM) binding properties of different adherent cell types. In addition to various growth factors and their receptors, epithelial morphogenesis is also executed by dynamic changes in the chemical composition and physical properties of the ECM that controls the shape and behavior of the associated cells via integrin mediated adhesion and signalling. Epithelial cell polarity and contractility are central mechanisms of epithelial shape determination and are established upon spatially, mechanically and chemically sensitive integrin signals of the microenvironment. The functional hierarchy between different integrin heterodimers and their ECM ligands in organizing these tasks has not been systematically addressed. In order to study the relative roles of different integrins, we set up a loss-of-function screen of co-expressed integrin subunits in the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line. By analyzing MDCK cystogenesis in three-dimensional (3D) ECMs, we were able to establish a model of how epithelial polarity is organized: cell adhesion either by α2β1- or α6β4-integrins defines the orientation of cell polarity and coordinated functions of α2β1- and α3β1-integrins mediate the establishment of epithelial lumens via cavitation and hollowing, respectively. By analyzing the spreading of MDCK cells, we established that epithelial cell contractility is based on synergistic functions of β1-integrins that mediate cell adhesion and αV-integrins that facilitate ECM rigidity sensing. We also discovered that the hemidesmosomal integrin α6 and integrin β4 did not require heterodimerization to be transported to the plasma membrane (PM) and that integrin β4 may support laminin assembly to the basement membrane (BM) independently of integrin α6. / Tiivistelmä Integriinit ovat suuri molekyyliperhe αβ-heterodimeerisiä adheesioreseptoreja. Integriinit ilmentyvät eri tavoin eri solutyypeissä, ja tämä säätelee sitä, miten solut tarttuvat ja reagoivat erilaisiin soluväliaineisiin. Tällä tavalla integriinit ja soluväliaine osallistuvat myös epiteelimorfogeneesiin lukuisten kasvutekijöiden ja niiden reseptoreiden lisäksi. Epiteelimorfogeneesissä etenkin solujen polarisaatio ja solujen supistuminen ovat tärkeitä tapahtumia, joiden ohjaukseen integriinit ja soluväliaine osallistuvat. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää eri integriinien ja niiden soluväliaineligandien toiminnallista hierarkiaa epiteelimorfogeneesissä, etenkin solujen polarisaatiossa ja supistumisessa. Integriinien keskinäisten roolien selvittämiseksi hiljensimme ilmentyvät integriinialayksiköt yksitellen munuaisen epiteelisolulinjasta RNA-häirinnän avulla. Mallina epiteelimorfogeneesille käytimme hyväksi munuaisepiteelisolujen kykyä muodostaa rakkularakenteita kolmiulotteisessa soluväliaineessa viljeltyinä. Näitä rakenteita analysoimalla pystyimme muodostamaan mallin siitä, miten polarisoitunut epiteelirakenne organisoituu: α2β1- tai α6β4-integriinien välittämä adheesio tarvitaan solujen polariteetin orientoimiseen ja α2β1- ja α3β1-integriinien yhteistoiminta tarvitaan epiteelisen rakkulan tyhjän sisäosan muodostumiseen, joko apoptoosin tai polarisoituneen kalvokuljetuksen kautta. Tutkimalla solujen levittäytymistä jäykälle kaksiulotteiselle alustalle pystyimme määrittämään, että epiteelisolun supistuminen pohjautuu β1-integriinien välittämän adheesion ja αV-integriinien välittämän väliaineen jäykkyyttä aistivien signaalien yhteistoimintaan. Havaitsimme myös, että hemidesmosomaalisten integriinien α6 ja β4 sekretioon ei tarvittu näiden keskinäistä heterodimerisaatiota ja integriini β4:llä saattaa olla integriini α6:sta riippumaton rooli laminiinin kokoamisessa tyvikalvoon.

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