Maternal colonies of the Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) were located and studied in Delaware, Grant, Hamilton and Madison Counties, Indiana, from March 1, 1970 to June 1, 1971. A total of 602 bats was captured. These banded bats provided data on intercolony movements and longevity. Three intercolony movements were recorded, all of short distances. Two bats were recaptured which had attained a minimum age of 12 years. Further detailed data regarding population levels; age as determined by canine tooth year and wing bone ossification; sex ratios; reproductive characteristics and body weight are discussed. / Department of Biology

Colonies of the Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) were located and studied in Blackford, Delaware, Grant, Henry, Jay, Madison, and Randolph Counties, Indiana, from June 12, 1988 through August 25, 1989. During the study, 24 colonies were located. Attempts were made to capture as many bats as possible during visits to the colonies. Colony sites were revisited several times during the two year study. A total of 1,846 bats were captured, banded and examined. During examinations bats were sexed, aged, weighed, and checked for wing damage and ectoparasites. The weights from the captured bats provided data on differences in bat weights for the summer of 1988 and 1989. The summer of 1988 was characterized by drier than normal precipitation, and the summer of 1989 had wetter than normal precipitation. Several comparisons were carried out on the data. The comparisons showed a correlation between increased rainfall and increased bat weights. In the wet year of 1989, adult bats were significantly heavier than they were in 1988. Juveniles were slightly heavier but not significantly. Further detailed data regarding age and sex ratios; wing damage and ectoparasite occurence are discussed briefly. / Department of Biology

Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) from a colony in Delaware County, Indiana were captured weekly from 9 July to 13 September, 1993. Food habits of the bats were quantified by analysis of fecal pellets collected in the field. The major foods were Coleopterans, particularly carabids and the agricultural pest Diabrotica undecimpunctata (averaging 54.47% and 32.91% of the total volume of fecal pellets, respectively). Other foods included Acrosternum hilare, Lepidoptera, Cicadellidae, Scarabaeidae, Curculionidae, Chrysomeloidea, Dytiscidae, Lygaeidae, Hemerobiidae, Gryllidae, Miridae, and Delphacidae. The volume of Carabidae and Galerucinae and the frequency of Carabidae and Scarabaeidae in fecal pellets varied temporally. Adults and juveniles differed significantly in the volume of Carabidae in the diet late in the summer. There was no significant difference in diet between the sexes. Diet of adults was more diverse than that of juveniles. Juveniles of both sexes had similar diet diversity. / Department of Biology

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

The spatial ecology of a species underpins an array of important questions about the ecology and evolution of a species, relating for instance to sociality, population dynamics, geographical distribution or genetic partitioning. Furthermore, the understanding of the spatial ecology of a species also has important implications for conservation and for disease management. It is in this context that I have examined the spatial ecology of the serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus), in Europe, and especially at the northern limit of its distribution in England, using population genetic and stable isotope analyses. Data from nuclear microsatellite markers indicated higher levels of gene flow on the continent than in England. Consistent with this, England was separated into three genetically distinct populations, inter-connected by male-driven gene flow. Substantial asymmetric gene movement over the English Channel was inferred, possibly indicating a northward and westward range expansion. Mitochondrial DNA revealed fast population expansion and strong female philopatry. Moving to finer scale, δ13C in wing tissue and fur revealed that the association of individuals at roosts is flexible and dynamic, possibly reflecting their membership to communities operating at larger geographic scales. Communities of E. serotinus seem therefore to create a network of roosts with individuals continually re-assorting among themselves both within and across breeding seasons. The integration of the genetic and isotopic data highlighted complex spatial, social and temporal interactions in this species. While individual associations within communities seem to be flexible, communities were found to be strongly segregated over the breeding season. In contrast, genetic connectivity operates on a larger geographical scale than the local summer landscape. Together, these findings help explain the apparent absence in the UK of the European Bat Lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1) for which this species is the main host. Hence, the relative fragmentation of this low-density population may inhibit the virus’ spread. However, with regular immigration from the continent, EBLV-1 could eventually enter the UK.

Good estimations of habitat preference and activity of bats in different habitats are of great importance when planning for conservation or assessing consequences of exploitation. The objective of this study was to compare two different methods for abundance estimation: line- transects (active taxation) and point taxation by autobox recordings (passive taxation), and correlation analyses were made between data from these methods. The species used was Eptesicus nilssonii, which is easy to identify and one of the most common bat species in Sweden. Differences in abundance between edge zones and non-edge zones were tested. The equations from the correlations would allow the use of passive taxation data for abundance estimates. Using the equations produced in the correlation analysis, and data collected in other projects at different sites in southern and central Sweden, an estimation of the total number of E. nilssonii in southern and central Sweden was made. This data was also used in order to test differences in abundance between habitats close to and further away from water. However, no differences in abundance between different habitats could be seen. Significant correlations were found between active and passive taxation data. The total number of E. nilssonii individuals in southern and central Sweden was estimated in two different ways: 1. by using the total number of passive taxation observations, to about 5 million individuals and, 2. by using the number of five minute period containing at least one observation, to 4 million individuals. How to increase the precision of these figures are discussed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-121).

While they are pregnant and rearing pups, bats continue to leave their roosts to forage for food. Many bats use echolocation vocalizations as part of this process. Other mammalian species including primates experience changes in vocal characteristics during pregnancy and lactation. As echolocation is a vital tool for spatial navigation and prey detection in most bats, investigating echolocation characteristics during pregnancy through lactation may provide new insight into how reproduction, pregnancy and pup rearing influence vocalizations. We measured changes in mass and recorded echolocation calls of pregnant (n = 21) and non-pregnant (n = 2) female wild-caught big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) released by hand into roost emergence-like flight. Recording began ~15 days prepartum and ended when the last bat reached 34 days postpartum, when pups were expected to be weaned. Analyses were completed using MATLAB and R, primarily with repeated measures ANOVAs focused on echolocation calls present in the ~562 ms before and ~562 ms after take-off. Based on vocal changes experienced by humans during pregnancy and post-birth, correlations found between bat echolocation call characteristics and the effects of differences in mass on bat echolocation, we predicted that female bats in late-stage pregnancy would emit calls of shorter duration, longer pulse interval, narrower bandwidth, and lower centroid frequency compared to calls emitted by the same bat post-parturition and compared to non-pregnant bats, while source level remained unchanged. We found that pulse interval and source level did not change while pregnant/lactating or control bats were in flight, and that increases in call duration and decreases in centroid frequency and bandwidth in flight began in pregnancy and continued through the lactation period while remaining unchanged for the control bats. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / The goals of this study were to see if big brown bats change the way that they echolocate while they are pregnant and/or nursing pups, and what changes occur. We did this by recording the vocal sounds bats made while they were pregnant and after they had given birth, and looking to see if there were any changes in the duration of echolocation calls, the time between individual sounds, the range of sound frequencies in each call, the central sound frequency in each call, and each call’s sound pressure level over this time and compared to non-pregnant/nursing female big brown bats. We found that echolocation call duration increases over pregnancy and nursing pups, while frequency range and the centre frequency decreases.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第24052号 / 生博第478号 / 新制||生||63(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 朝長 啓造, 教授 野田 岳志, 教授 今吉 格 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Orientador: Eliana Morielle Versute / Banca:Wagner André Pedro / Banca: Sandra Regina de Carvalho Marchesin / Resumo: Chiroptera é a segunda maior ordem de mamíferos e possui distribuição mundial e, como consequência, apresenta uma grande diversidade de comportamento, hábito alimentar e estratégias reprodutivas. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudos relativos à reprodução é feita com espécies de morcegos de clima temperado, pouco se sabendo sobre a reprodução de morcegos de clima tropical. Vespertilionidae é a família que apresenta a maior distribuição dentro da Ordem. No Brasil, são referenciados cinco gêneros da família, entre eles, o gênero Eptesicus, com espécies exclusivamente insetívoras. São seis espécies brasileiras de Eptesicus, sendo essas simpátricas e com grande semelhança morfológica entre si, e para as quais há poucas informações sobre os aspectos reprodutivos e até mesmo sobre a variação morfológica, o que dificulta a identificação precisa de cada espécie. Eptesicus furinalis é a espécie que possui a maior distribuição entre as seis espécies brasileiras do gênero. Portanto, foram objetivos desse trabalho, analisar o processo da espermatogênese, o ciclo do epitélio seminífero e a ultraestrutura do espermatozoide, e analisar a variação morfológica do crânio, a morfologia do báculo e do cariótipo, contribuindo não só para o entendimento dos padrões reprodutivos das espécies de morcegos tropicais, mas também na taxonomia do gênero. O epitélio seminífero apresentou o padrão básico de mamíferos, e a espermiogênese pode ser dividida em sete estádios (na microscopia de luz) ou doze estádios (na microscopia eletrônica de transmissão), de acordo com os parâmetros da condensação e distribuição da cromatina e pelo método da formação do acrossomo, respectivamente. A espécie apresentou um processo de regressão testicular, similar ao observado em morcegos hibernantes de clima temperado, fato intrigante, uma vez que E. furinalis é uma espécie exclusivamente tropical e não hibernante ... / Abstract: Chiroptera is the second largest mammalian order with worldwide distribution and, as a result, present a great diversity of reproductive strategies. Indeed, most studies on reproduction are performed with bat species from temperate zones, and little is known about the tropical bats reproduction. Vespertilionidae is the family with the largest distribution within the Order. Five genera occur in Brazil and among them there are the genus Eptesicus, with exclusively insectivorous species. Six species of Eptesicus occur in Brazil, and these are sympatric and has great morphological resemblance to each other, and there is little information on the reproductive aspects of them and even of morphological variation, making it difficult to accurately identify each species. E. furinalis is the most disperse species of Eptesicus in Brazil. Thus, the aims of this work was to analyse the process of spermatogenesis, the seminiferous epithelium cycle and the ultrastructure of the spermatozoon, and analyse the morphological variation of the skull, baculum and karyotype, in order to increase informations about the reproductive patterns of tropical bat species and about the taxonomy of Eptesicus. The semineferous epithelium showed the basic mammalian pattern and the spermiogenesis could be divided into seven steps (light microscopy) or twelve steps (PAS method and transmission elctron microscopy), when analyzed by the parameters of the chromatin distribution and condensation and by the acrosome method, respectively. E. furinalis showed a process of testicular regression similar to testicular regression in hibernating bats of temperate zones, which is an intriguing fact, since E. furinalis is an exclusive tropical species and does not hibernates. The seminiferous epithelium cycle presented no fixed cell associations throughout the seminiferous tubule, as is expected in mammals, however, exhibited eight frequent stages when analyzed by the tubular morpholoy ... / Mestre