This masters thesis is focused on filtering the ECG signal for suppression of spurious frequency components of the network. The theoretical part is talking about electrocardiography, ECG signal interference and about principle different types of filtration. In practical part of this thesis are described linear filtering methods and wavelet transform methods with discrete time. The main topic of this work is recommended the best type of filtration.

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Regarder ou saisir un objet constituent, à première vue, des actes simples et triviaux. De tels mouvements nécessitent, entre autres, l’existence de complexes processus entre entrées sensorielles et sorties motrices afin de compenser l’effet de la variabilité sensorimotrice inhérente au système. Un concept clé décrit ces processus de contrôle : les modèles internes. Il s’agit de représentations dynamiques de l’état de nos appareils sensorimoteurs, inscrites au sein d’un réseau d’aires cérébrales, permettant la comparaison entre un mouvement désiré (parfait) et le mouvement réalisé (bruité). Lorsqu’une différence est perçue suite à cette comparaison, un signal d’erreur motrice (EM) serait envoyé afin d’ajuster le mouvement en cours d’exécution. Nous avons réalisé une première étude chez l’Homme afin de définir le rôle des modèles internes lors d’un acte sensorimoteur simple: la saccade oculaire. Une tâche originale nous a permis d’introduire du bruit moteur artificiel (saut de cible intrasaccadique) durant une séquence saccadique. Les résultats valident l’existence d’un mécanisme de contrôle sensorimoteur optimal et confirme la prédiction d’un modèle basé sur la théorie des filtres de Kalman, pondérant la «confiance» accordée aux mouvements désirés versus réalisés en fonction de leur fiabilité (l’inverse de leur variance). Nous nous sommes alors attachés à rechercher les substrats cérébraux du calcul de l’EM en adaptant nos paradigmes chez le macaque rhésus. Nous avons enregistré l’activité électrophysiologique neuronale unitaire puis réalisé des inactivations réversibles au sein de l’aire latérale intrapariétale (LIP), région clé pour l’intégration visuo-saccadique. Nos résultats suggèrent que le cortex pariétal serait impliqué dans l’ajustement moteur du système saccadique. Le cortex pariètal pourrait ainsi accumuler des évidences (signaux d’erreur donnés par la copie d’efférence et les retours sensoriels) quant à la présence d’erreur oculomotrice puis inciter le reste du réseau saccadique à corriger cette dernière. Ce mécanisme permettrait alors d’optimiser la plupart des actions motrices réalisées dans des contextes sensorimoteurs constamment bruités / Looking at or grasping an object are simple and trivial actions. However, these types of movements require complex processing of sensory and motor information in order to compensate for the natural variability within the sensorimotor system. A key concept describes these control processes: internal models. These models are dynamical representations of the state of our effectors, supported by a network of cerebral areas, which allow the comparison between the desired movement (perfect) and the realised movement (noisy). When a difference is perceived, a motor error (ME) signal is sent in order to adjust the ongoing movement. We performed a first study with human subjects to define the role of internal models during a simple sensorimotor action: a saccade. We developed an original task in order to introduce artificial motor noise (intrasaccadic target jump) during a sequence of saccades. These results validates the existence of an optimal sensorimotor control mechanism and confirms the predictions of a model based on the Kalman filter theory. This optimal control implies a balance between the reliability given to the desired movements versus the executed movements as a function of their uncertaincy (correlate to their variability). We then investigated the neural substrates of the ME estimation by adapting our protocols for use with rhesus monkeys. We recorded the electrophysiological activity of unitary neurons and performed reversible inactivations in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), a key area for visuo-saccadic integration. Our results suggest, therefore, that the parietal cortex plays a role in the motor adjustment of the saccadic system. We postulate that parietal cortex could accumulate evidence (i.e. error signal given by efferent copy and sensorial feedback) on the necessity to perform a corrective saccade. When the amount of evidence exceeds an error threshold, the decision to trigger a correction could be made. This process could allow the optimization of these motor actions within noisy sensorimotor context

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-10-10T17:10:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CICERO MOEZIO DA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2013.pdf: 1359216 bytes, checksum: 450c592c37b5fc9ef90ce40e270eaaae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-10T17:10:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CICERO MOEZIO DA SILVA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2013.pdf: 1359216 bytes, checksum: 450c592c37b5fc9ef90ce40e270eaaae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-16 / Capes / Este trabalho reporta o desenvolvimento experimental de um sistema de travamento da frequência de um diodo laser nas asas de uma linha atômica. Como sinal de erro, utilizamos a transmissão por uma célula com janelas paralelas (contendo vapor de césio) para o travamento da frequência. Mostramos que o sinal de erro é estável durante 1 hora e meia. Este sinal contemos citações nas asas da ressonância que podem ser usadas para a estabilização da frequência. Travamos a frequência entre 1860 a 2817 MHz fora da ressonância e obtemos uma estabilidade de 30MHz. A técnica descrita não necessita de campo magnético ou de detecção sensível a polarização,que simplifi ca substancialmente em relação às técnicas existentes. / In this work we demonstrate the experimental development of a system of frequency- locking of a diode laser on the wings of an atomic line. As an error signal, we use the transmission through a cell with parallel windows (containing cesium vapor) for the frequency-locking. We show that the error signalis stable for one hour and a half and has oscillations in the wings of the resonance that can be used tostabilize the frequency. We locked the frequency between 1860-2817 MHz out of resonance and obtained a stability of 30MHz. The described technique does not require a magnetic field or polarization-sensitive detection, whichs impli es substantially over existing techniques.